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HORMONES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY (DEFINITION (chemical signal that been secreted…
HORMONES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
DEFINITION
chemical signal that been secreted into body fluids
communicates regulatoty messsages within the body
only target cell with specific receptor will be respond
FUNCTION
method of coomunication between body parts
coordinate organs thru action and feedback
regulates
metabolism
growth
developmental
reproduction
CLASS OF HORMONE
Lipid based hormone
examples
steroids
modified cholestrol
sex hormone
aldosterone
eicasonoids
prostaglandin
FEATURES
lipid soluble
diffuse across membrane + enter cells
bind to receptor protein in cytoplasm
move to nucleus
bind to receptor proteins in nucleus
bind to DNA to act as transcription factor
activates gene that result in new synthesis protein
Protein based Hormone
examples
polypeptides
small protein
insulin
ADH
glycoprotein
large protein + carbohydrate
FSH
LH
amines
modified A.a
epinephrin
melatonin
FEATURES
hydrophilic and not lipid soluble
trigger secondary messenger pathway
transmit 'signal' across membrane : signal transduction
usually activate series of secondary messenger : multiple step ' cascade"
activate cellular respond
enzyme action, uptake or secrete the molecule
HORMONAL SIGNALLING
(Hormone produced by endocrine gland) :arrow_forward: (gland secretes hormone into intracellular fluid) :arrow_forward: (bllod transfer hormone to whole body) :arrow_forward: (hormone reach targets tissue and bind to the receptop) :arrow_forward: (target tissue respond and gives ffedback mechanism) :arrow_forward: (feedback mechanism reach gland whether increase/stop the hormone production)
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
definition
system with ductless gland
each gland have specialized cell that can synthesize hormones
COMPARISON
exo vs endo
exocrine
:<3: duct
:<3: lumen and surface
:<3: eg: enzyme or sweat
endocrine
:<3: ductless
:<3: blood stream
:<3: hormone
endo system VS nervous system
endocrine system
:fire: chemical (hormone)
:fire: blood circulation through body
:fire: slow, long lasting
nervous system
:fire: electrical + chemical
nerve impuls+ neurontransmitter
:fire: neurone network to target cell
:fire: fast, short lasting response
HORMONE DISORDER
CHARACTERISTIC
unusual level of hormones
caused by endocrine disease or drugs interaaction
symptoms
behavioral
physical
physiological changes
ENDOCRINE DISEASE
can be catagories by 3
hyposecretion - leads hormone deficiency
hypersection - leads to hormone excess
tumour - Benign or malignant
Diseases
hormonal inbalance
hyperthyroisism
common glandular disorder in cats
cause by excessive concentratio thyroxine a thyroid hormone in blood stream
symptoms
weight loss
increase heart rate
increase urination/diarhea
aggression/ nervousness
Hypercortisolism
prolonges exposure of cotisol
Cushing's Syndrome
hormone disorder
Goiter
iodine defficiency
thyroid enlarge
to produce throxine
Hormonal Stimulation
endocrine glands are activated by other hormones
such as from
:sunflower: throid gland
:sunflower: adrenal cortex:
:sunflower: gonad (testis)
Humoral Stimulation
Changing blood levels of certain ions stimulates hormone release
Heural Stimulation
:sunflower: nerve impuls stimulate hormone release
:sunflower: under control of sympathetic nervous system
ENDOCRINE & NERVOUS SYSTEM LINKS
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Master control
hypothalamus
chrctstc
:baseball: receives info from nerves around the body
:baseball: regulates release of hormones from pituitary
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Master gland
pituitary gland
chrctrstic
secretes broad range of hormones
regulating other glands
HORMONE FEEDBACK MECHANISM
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
stimulus triggers control mechanism that inhibits further change
eg: body temperature / sugar metabolism
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
stimulus triggers control mechanism that amplifies effects
eg: lactation/ labor contraction