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Learning disability (LD) (Vaughn (2011) (Intervention to improve social…

- - - - Academic achievement
        
        Mixed : 1 study : no differences
        
        Negative :4/5 students:: decrease in performance
        
        Positive
        
        Most studies : improved educational outcomes
        
        more progress in language and maths
        
        effect :both children with learning, behavioral difficulties / mild mental retardation
        
        Inclusive: more effect on girls > boys
        
        inclusive->better chance of succeeding in upper secondary
        education than special classes.
        
        Conclusion: positive -> neutral results
      - Socio-emotional effect
        
        Negative
        
        1 study : lower self confidence, poorer relationship, more negative self-conception abt apprearance
        
        1 study :special education-->more self-confidence> inclusive education
        
        Mixed: 1 study: effect after 2 yrs but disappeared after 4 yrs
        
        Positive
        
        seperate-->less accepted, lower self-perception, higher teacher rated problems
        
        not significant findings
        
        With control group
        
        lower teacher ratings, social skills and peer ratings
        
        less well accepted , popular as classmates
        
        Conclusion: not possible to draw conclusions
    - - Academic achievement
        
        Negative :achievements were on average lower
        
        Conclusion: large # between studies --> cant conclude
        
        Positive
        
        1 study : profit from the additional support available
        
        1 study : effect :neutral or positive but not as negative
        
        1 study : higher mean progress in inclusive schools.
        
        number of students with special needs increased --> performed better
        
        Mixed : not large effect
      - Socio-emotional effect
        
        Negative : less stereotype, more positive attitude toward students w LD
        
        Conclusion : positive -> neutral results
        
        Positive: slightly positive effect on social outcomes of others
- - - - 70% :lower academic self-concept scores
      - not influence self -perception abt IQ
  - - - negative side : contact alone not prevent low social acceptance