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LU11: Muscle (MODES OF LOCOMOTION IN ANIMALS (LAND (To find food and walk…
LU11: Muscle
MODES OF LOCOMOTION IN ANIMALS
AIR
Gliding, Active flight
WATER
To swim, for marine animals
LAND
To find food and walk around scavenging
Escape from danger
ENERGY COST
Different activities, different energy
Water > air > land
Need muscles so that the organs in the body can work
TYPES OF MUSCLES AND MUSCLE STRUCTURE
SKELETAL
VOLUNTARY
Striated, multinucleated
Fast muscle
Short & rapid contraction
SMOOTH
INVOLUNTARY
Non striated
CARDIAC
INVOLUNTARY
Uninucleated
Striated
MECHANISMS OF MOVEMENT IN ANIMALS
ENDO- & EXOSKELETON
Flexor
Extensor
Hard skeleton
HYDROSTATIC
MUSCLE HYDROSTAT (e.g. Cuttlebone)
Moves based on fluid (rhythmic contraction
Longitudinal
Circular
Oblique (side to side)
Myofilaments--> myofibrils--> muscle fiber--> muscle
Myofilaments
-thin (actin)
-thick (myosin)
Sarcomere
-contractile unit
-regular arangement of myofilaments
-"sliding-filament model"
i band = Actin that do not overlap
A band = distance between myosin
Z - line = anchor of actin
H zone = middle area where myosin do not overlap
M - line = median of A line
MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND STIMULATION
