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Language (Wernnickes Aphasia (Revisited (Meta-analysis of fMRI studies of…
Language
Wernnickes Aphasia
Speech is effortless fluid and rapid generally grammatically correct with many functions, words, prefixes and suffixes.
The content of words that are produced is rarely words with specific meaning.
Comprehension of speech is severely impaired sometimes even single spoke words cannot be understood even though they are correctly percieved.
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Revisited
Meta-analysis of fMRI studies of auditory linguistic processing, posterior to anterior shifts as stimulus length increases.
Phonemoe length- Behh, ahh , tt
Word-length (identifying word)
Phrase-length
Auditory words from areas analogous to visual word form area in antieror superior temporal gurys.
Conduction aphasia revisited- in wernicke-Lichtheim mode, conduction aphasia attributed to damaged to arcuate fasciculus.However, the diffusor tensor imaging shows a complex network of white matter tracts throughout the perisylvian region. Through various areas.
Conduction aphasia- shown through lesion overlap approach that the SPT- most posterior part of theplanum temporale in conduction aphasia is always effected. The SPT forms part of the sensory-motor integration circuit for vocal tract
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Broca's Aphasia
1.Speech is effortful hesitant contains long pauses and is very non-fluent.
2.Virtually no grammatical structure no sentences and few or no function words prefixes or suffixes
3.The comprehension of speech, at least for single words and simple sentences is often very good.
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Broca Aphasia revisited
Showed damage well beyond Brocas area,
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Functions Brocas area
Function of the Broca's area
Patients with lesions affecting Broca's area was impaired only for sentences that involved syntactic movement.
Both conditions involve the same syntactic contrast, Broca's area only shows an effect when syntactic roles are semantically unconstrainted.
Increased activation for garden path sentences- initial meaning turns out to be incorrect
Increase activation during speech production task (word retrieval and articulation)
Broca's area supports sentence processing via a more general role in resolving conflicts between competing representations.
-Syntactically complex sentence
-Ambiguous sentences
-picture naming
Neuroscience of language
Aphasia lanugea disorder resulting from brain damage (eg stroke, cerebral haemorrhage, TBI,brai tumors ,encephalitis,meningitis
Nuero imaging -fmri pet,DTI
Nuenrophysilogy EEG,MEG
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MEG- Fluid keep sensors to zero,
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Double dissociation- Brain injured people can show dissociation between understanding words and producing words
FMRI changes in the bold signal blood measuring changes of blood oxygen in the brain. If it is more active then it's using up more oxygen.Blood oxygen level dependent response.
Which part of the brain is activated whilst listening to these sentence. Doesn't tell how the brain is processing the beginning of this word vs the end of of this word.
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