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Aggression (Aggressive Cue Hypothesis (cue's act as a stimulus for…
Aggression
Aggressive Cue Hypothesis
cue's act as a stimulus for performer to respond to
theory proposes that these aggressive cues are learned from significant others
Aggressive acts only occur if certain learned cues are present
cues can be certain situations in games, certain environments
increased frustration leads to increased arousal levels towards an aggressive response
Aggression/Assertion
Assertion: Well-motivated behaviour within the rules
Rugby tackle (assertive)
Aggression: Intent to harm outside of the rules
Two footed slide tackle (aggressive)
Boxing in between aggression and assertion as within the rules but intent is to harm
Frustration-Aggression hypothesis
aggressive tendencies build up as performer is blocked from goals
built up frustration can be released through an aggressive act and catharsis will occur
Inevitable aggression occurs when goals are blocked and performer becomes frustrated
if performer is blocked from aggressive act frustration will increase even more
Social learning theory
learned from role models/ significant others
live behaviour more likely to be copied than recorded behaviour
Observe-Identify-Reinforce-Copy
aggression seen as a learned response
Preventing aggression
punish aggression with fines
punish players by sending them off
Do not reinforce aggressive acts in training
channel aggression into assertion
Instinct Theory
Evolutionary theory
Spontaneous
e.g. defending home pitch
Catharsis is the use of sport as an outlet for aggression
Problems
some players present aggression out of games
not all ancestors were aggressive
some aggression is learned and preintended
not all aggression is spontaneous and reactive
everyone has innate aggression can be provoked