Willingham looks to science for his defense for his learning theories. For example, he says, "teachers should be aware that as far as scientists have been able to determine, there are not categorically different types of learners" (2009, 148). He uses science as his sole defense. However, when he doesn't take culture into consideration, he misses the point that although learners have a similar base line for learning, students are still individuals with different cultures and backgrounds and therefore will all learn differently.