Ecology of Nonparental Child Care
Nonparental Child Care
- Nonparental Child care (day care) - the care given to children by persons other than parents during the parts of the day that parents are absent.
- Extended day care - the care provided for children before or after school hours or during vacations
High Quality centers will...
- promote positive relationships
- have well rounded curriculum
- use effective teaching methods
- provided assessments of child
- promote nutrition
- have qualified staff
- maintain good relationships with parents and community
- have safe physical environment
Macrosystems Influence
Purposes of Child care
- Social service - this was established to care for neglected children
- Enrichment - this is to help develop the child
- Parent employability - allows for parents to work outside the home
- Intervention - allowed for children to be observed outside the home and have access to interventions needed
Chronosystems Influence
Concerns with child care
- separation from mother - fear of not attaching correctly
- quality of child care center
- Ecological systems - how well will it all mix together
Psychological Development
children need care and nurturance to develop, this can come from someone other than mother, intervention can happen early enough for a child to develop normaly
Social Development
"Children who have had experience in a child-care program seem to be more socially competent than those who have not had such experience."
Mesosystems Influences
School and Community
there are extended school programs to help care for children outside of school hours.
- latchkey children - children who carry their own key and let themselves into their homes
Socialization
- Curriculum - the goals and objections of an educational program, the teacher's role, the equipment and materials, the space arrangement, the kinds of activities, and the way they are scheduled
- teacher-directed curriculum - a curriculum which the learning activities emerge from individual interests and teacher guidance
- learner-directed curriculum - a curriculum in which the learning activities emerge from individual interests and teacher guidance.
Cognitively Oriented Curriculum
- cognitively oriented curriculum - a curriculum that attempts to blend the virtues of purposeful teaching with open ended, child initiated activities
- assimilation - Piagetian term for mental adaptation to one's environment by incorporating experiences
-accommodation - a Piagetian term for mental adaptation to one's environment by reconciling differences of experiences - equilibrium - a Piagetian term for the state of balance between assimilation and accommodation, thereby allowing knowledge to be incorporated
Piagetian Stage
- Sensorimotor
- Preoperational
- Concrete Operational
- Formal operational
Other Curriculums
- Direct Instruction - a curriculum based on behaviorist principles
- Montessori - a curriculum based on individual self-directed learning with the teacher as the facilitator; materials provide exercises in daily living, sensory development, and academic development.
- Developmental Interaction - a curriculum that is individualized in relation to each child's stage of development while providing many opportunities for children to interact with peers and adults
- Tools of the Mind - a curriculum based on Vygotsky's sociocultural theory or learning and Gardner's theory of five minds for the future
Developmentally Appropriate Caregiving
- maturation - developmental changes associated with the biological process of aging