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Research Methods (Control of Variables (Extraneous variables: nuisance…
Research Methods
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Types of Experiment
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Natural: IV has been manipulated naturally, effect of DV is recorded
low internal validity (no random allocation), high external validity, unique research, opportunities may be rare
Quasi: IV is based on an existing difference between people, DV is recorded
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Observational Techniques
Naturalistic: behaviour observed where it would normally occur, no control over variables
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Controlled: some control over environment, including manipulation of variables to observe effects
low internal validity (some extraneous variables can be controlled) , high external validity
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Pilot Studies
checking procedures and materials, making modifications
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Correlations
Types of correlations: positive, negative and zero
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Evaluation
Strengths: useful preliminary tool, quick and economical using secondary data
Limitations: cannot demonstrate cause and effect, third variable problem and misuse and misinterpretation
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Self-Report Design
Designing
Questionnaires: good scale, rating scale, fixed choice option
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Good Questions
Don't use too much jargon, not too technical
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ask only one question at a time, without using double negatives - be clear
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