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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (Characteristics (Emotional (Anxiety and…
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Characteristics
Emotional
Anxiety and Distress
OCD regarded particularly unpleasant emotional experience - powerful anxieties are overwhelming
Depression
OCD often accompanied by depression - so anxiety as well as low mood / lack of enjoyment in activities
Guilt and Disgust
negative emotions such as irrational guilt / disgust may be directed at something external - e.g dirt or themselves
Behavioural
Compulsions
sufferers feel compelled to repeat a certain behaviour
compulsions reduce anxiety
Avoidance
may attempt to reduce anxiety by avoiding situations that trigger it
may interfere with everyday life
Cognitive
Obsessive Thoughts
around 90% of sufferers - major cognitive feature is obsessive thoughts
vary from each individual but are always unpleasant
Coping
Strategies
people respond to obsessions by adopting cognitive coping strategies
may help manage anxiety but can affect every-day life
e.g religious person tormented but obsessive guilt may respond by praying
Insight into Excessive Anxiety
sufferers are aware that obsessions are not rational (necessary for OCD diagnosis)
sufferers tend to be hypervigilant (always on alert)
Biological Treatment: Drug Therapy
Biological Explanations: Neural
Biological Explanations: Genetic