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Power of Women (Notable Queens/Noblewomen (Margaret of Anjou (Normal queen…

- - - - Idealised portraits as the queen of heaven in manuscripts #
      - 1450s: head of the Lancastrian party
        
        Paston Letters: Newsletter of John Stodeley
    - - London Chronicle: "Quene Margaret came owte of ffraunce in to Scotland wt a strength of people, and so entered into England and made opyn warr"
  - - - Not a universal view: Croyland
      - Mancini: Woodville actions pushed Gloucester onto the defensive
    - - 1484 Parliament: "Ungracious feigned marriage" (sorcery)
  - - - "Margaret...was commonly caulyd the head of that conspiracy"
    - - "Allotted a share in most of his public and private resources"
  - - - EIV wanted European recognition of his dynasty
      - First big event of Charles' reign
        
        PdC: "Principally to strengthen his position against the king [of France]
    - - Pretenders
        
        PdC: "Pursued Henry with insatiable hatred and with fiery wrath, never desisted from employing every scheme which might harm him as a representative of the hostile faction"
        
        PdC: "So ungovernable is a woman's nature...The woman continually sought to evolve a device by which she could engineer his destruction"
  - - - Papal Legate Coppini: "Write to the Duchess of York who has good regard for you and can rule the king as she pleases"
  - - - Vergil: "It is legitimate to attribute this to divine intervention, for plainly by it, all things which nourished the two most ruinous factions were utterly removed, by it the two houses of Lancaster and York were united and from the union the true and established royal line emerges"
- - - - Paston letters
      - PdC: "Principally to strengthen his position against the king [of France}"
    - - 'The Receyt of the Ladie Kateryne"
    - - Reconciliation: no marriage until Warwick invaded
  - - - Katherine Neville
    - - Countess Joan: earls of Westmorland vs. Salisbury
- - - - Could not be leaders
        
        Sir John Fortescue "Replicacion"
  - - - Undermined her efforts to act on behalf of her son #
      - Slur against her virtue
- - - - "Princess" should be capable, but also have humility, patience, and charity
        
        Act as a mediator with her husband to bring about peace
        
        MoA & Jack Cade's rebels
        
        MoA & Maine (THIN LINE)
        
        PdC: "As it turned out that lady would have done much better if she had acted as a judge or mediator between the two parties instead of saying "I will support this party" for there were many battles as a result and in the end almost everyone on both sides were killed"
        
        Vergil: "By meane of a woman, sprange up a newe mischiefe that sett all out of order"
      - "Baroness": more militant
        
        "She ought to know how to use weapons and be familiar with everything that pertains to them, so that she may be ready to command her men if the need arises"
        
        Margaret Paston's defence of the manor of Hellesdon in July 1465
        
        Elizabeth de Burgh, Alice Chaucer (duchess of Suffolk), and Elizabeth Talbot (duchess of Norfolk)
      - Husbands of noblewomen more likely to be away
        
        Elizabeth Stonor asked the duchess of Suffolk for money
      - Queens had greater scope for influence, but more open to public scrutiny
        
        Sharer of royal dignity: anomaly in the political structure
        
        Political office that could only be filled by a woman
        
        Contradictory bonds of loyalty to marital & natal families
        
        Elizabeth Woodville: patronage of the Woodvilles
        
        Margaret of Anjou: surrender of Maine
        
        "She wolf of France"
        
        1449 Parliament: Suffolk "Has caused the French queen to have £1300 from the revenues of your realm"
- - - - Characteristics often not very devout
- - - - Countess of Warwick declared naturally dead
      - Mowbray inheritance
    - - Anne Neville & PoW/Gloucester #