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SECTION2 - NUCLEIC ACIDS (2.4 WATER (USES (TRANSPARENCY (Photosynthesis of…

- - - - Phosphodiester backbone protects reactive bases
      - Three hydrogen bonds between C and G means more equals more stable
    - - Stable structure to limit mutations
      - Two seperate strands allows replication and synthesis
      - Extremely large for info
      - Info protected by backbone
      - Base pairing allows replication and mRNA info transfer
- - - - Each exposed acts as a template
    - - ATP activates these
  - - - Worked from the fact that all bases have nitrogen, nitrogen has two different weights, and bacteria incorporates nitrogen from growing medium into new DNA
      - Grew bacteria in n14 and n15 medium then centrifuged it, lighter collected at top and heavier near bottom
- - - - Cells don't store but mitochondria
        quickly make a few seconds supply
        
        Cells with ATP needs have lots of mitochondria for this e.g. ileum
      - Each molecule releases less energy than glucose and is a single reaction, so released in manageable quantities
    - - Energy to build up macromolecules
    - - Energy for muscle contraction
    - - Energy to change shape of carrier proteins
    - - Form lysosomes
    - - Inorganic phosphate released which can phosphorylate compounds, making them more reactive and easily activated
- - - - Called specific heat capacity
    - - Buffers organisms to keep temp stable
  - - - Skin on surface called surface tension
  - - - Regulate temp
    - - Not easily compressed so used for turgidity and hydrostatic skeletons etc
    - - Photosynthesis of aquatic plants
      - Light though jelly in eye
    - - Readily dissolve gases/waste/ions/enzymes
    - - Hydrolysis, condensation reactions, chemical reactions in aqueous medium, photosynthesis