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Imperial consolidation and Liberal rule, c1890-1914: Imperial and colonial…
Imperial consolidation and Liberal rule, c1890-1914: Imperial and colonial policy
The defence of India
Curzon mounted temporary invasion of Tibet from 1903-1904 counter Russia's perceived ambitions in area (clash over influence in Persia)
1907 'entente' established spheres influence in Persia and countries agreed respect independence of Tibet
Merged north-westerly areas of Pashtun lands of Afghan people with Punjab and Chief Commissioner put in place
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George V' durbar, 1911
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Durbar covered area 20+ square miles, Viceroy's camp cost £2 million
The Aswan Dam
Opened in 1902 and enabled 1/2 million acres of former desert irrigated water from reservoir (year round cultivation)
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Egypt and tourism
Tourists enjoyed climate and Egypt's ancient treasures- pyramids, biblical sites and Cairo's citadel
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Baring oversaw expansion modern tourism, Thomas Cook & Son Egypt's largest employer- jobs in hotels, houseboats and excursions
Steamer up Nile, city bazaars- few ventured countryside and guidebooks discouraged Europeans from mixing with local people
The Denshawai incident
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Pigeons breed by villagers for food confusion officers gun went off wounded wife Muslim prayer leader
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The Moroccan crises, 1905 and 1911
1911: French sent 20,000 soldiers disperse Moroccan rebels attacked Fez
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British fearful Wilhelm planning seize Agadir (near British Gibraltar) prepared Royal Navy for war (Panther home)
Strengthen British support French tested Kaiser threatened French interests in Morocco visit in 1905
The Imperial Conference, 1911
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South African government commit 40,000 men attack German South-West Africa in event of European conflict, Australia and New Zealand take action against German colonies in Pacific