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crime term 1week 4 scientific criminology (positivism and scientific…
crime term 1week 4 scientific criminology
biological explanations: 'the born criminal'
lombroso and the criminal man
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handle shaped ears, pronounced jaws, beaklike noses, monobrows and protruding foreheads
links back to caveman
criticisms
does not take social factors into account
assumes criminals are throw backs and different to rest of society
women who covered up fro ian huntly
demonised by the media
some saw as worse than him
he controlled her
media still send message women who commit crimes that are serious cases are like the devil and not real women
as against there gender nom
same perspective as lombroso
feeds to the public so perspectives have-not changed since 100 years ago
completely discredited but still father of criminology
set the ball rolling on scientific explanation for criminology
father of criminology
social darwinism
eugenics
breed supieoer humans
size shape and proportions of your scull
physical characteristics
criminal from the way they appear
born criminal was atavistic
more primitive state
brutal animalistic behaviour
lower for of evolution
looked at specific groups
ex-army, criminal
starts to contradict himself
extreme size of the orbit, high cheek bones
disney characters- sign of beauty now
the female offender 1895
women are less evolved
development of positivism
garofalo
darwinism
natural selection
kill all the truly evil
prison sentences for people born 'primitive'
one time offenders
three different groups
ferri
inherit certain biological traits
climate and environment, population density how they affect criminal likely hood
criminals are born not made
deterministic
suggests we can treat people rather just punish them
classicism vs scientific criminology
the offence vs the offender
punishment vs treatment
classicism
style of researcher = arm char philosophers
object of study = the offence
nature of offender = free-will, rational, calculating
response to crime = punishment, promotional to crime
scientific
style of researcher= measuring behaviour and characteristics
object of study = the offencer
nature of offender = determined biological, psychological / other influences
response to crime = treatment, tailored to individual
positivism and scientific criminology
statistical positivism
adopt de quetelet
crime can be studied systematically
positive
understand and discover underlying reularitys
objective, law like scientific knowledge about crime
part of positivist approach
positivism= dispassionate study of case and effect can be conducted
bottoms
methods of natural sciences applicable to society
social knowledge= observation (data), scientific knowledge = facts
fact must be distinguished from values
core intent= collect data
develop hypotheses and test these for verification
empirical, scientific approach to crime and deviance
criminal are born
determinism
treatment = reduce crime
lombroso
development of positivism
scuola positiva -school of positivism raffaele garofalo
eliminate those unable to adapt
enrico ferri
widened positivist boundaries to include social and environmental factors
forensic science an popular culuter
super science
physical evidence always right
csi effect
popularity of being able to predict crime and criminals
film minority report
eugenics and early genetics
social darwinism
early 20th centre
idea that criminality is a bad breeding trait
prevent the unfit from breeding
permanent segregations
sterilization
feeble mindedness
autism
mental illness
peak 1913
buck v bell case
sterilization in virginia
6500 americans sterilised into the 1940's
thousands placed in mental institutions
marriages dissolved and banned
us states laws allowing sterilisation until 1970's
mental deficiency act of 1913
"better fro the world is instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime or let them starve for their imbecility , society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from breeding their kind' buck vs bel
nazi extermination camps decreased its popularity
fell out of labour after nazi extermination
extreme eugenics
names of eugenics institutions renamed genetics intitutions
fracas galton
the science of improving stock
Dugdale 'the juke: a study in crime, pauperism, disease and heredity
: "environment tends to produce habits which may become hereditary"
he found that of 29 male "immediate blood relations", 17 had been arrested and 15 convicted of crimes.
eastabrook "the uses
hooton
should shut up certain individuals
who is super and inferior
superior decide who is inferior
a lot of power to not many people
criminals are organically inferior
crime is the resultant of the impact of environment upon low-grade human organisms
It follows that the elimination of crime can be effected only by the extirpation of the physically, mentally and morally unfit or by their complete segregation in a socially aseptic environment’
kretschmer
three types of people by body shape
each has a certain psychiatric condition
the aesthetic
the athletic
the pyknic
william sheldon 1949
link body build and personality
three body types or somatotypes
endomorphs
mesomorphs
ectomorph
fred west
damage frontal lobe can lead to criminology
genetics and twin studies
most of his subjects were already in prison on psychiatric wards
lange
christiansen admitted shared environment rather than genetics
chromosomal anomalies
shy chromosome in maltes
high levels of offenders
hiyper masculine
lack in intelligence
central nervous system
hormonal imbalance
leading to violence
statistically men are more violent
more testosterone
brain injury and diseases
should we be screening sex offenders to see if they are disabled by injury or disease
problems with this idea
problems with such an assertion
brain tumour cased paedophilia
40 year old man becomes obsessed with sex and to molest children
no previous history of sex offences
egg sized tumour in right lobe of the orbit frontal cortex- part of the brain responsible for judgment, implies control and social behaviour
genetics and twin studies: Nature / nurture
lange - crime as destiny
christiansen
36% of identical males had criminal convictions compared to 12% of non-identical males
adoption
hatchlings and sarnoff medick
crow
medick, gabrielle and hatching - 14,000 adoptees
chromosomal anomalies
super male syndrome found by price, strong, what more and mcclemont
legacy of biological positivism
links do exist between biology and criminality but
deterministic
unrepresentative samples
causation and correlation
differentiation
complex other facts
neglects CJS and law - role of biology v small