Socials exam
American revolution
Explorers and new france
Iroquois, Algonquian, and Huron
Iroquois
-Most First nations in eastern North America
-one of the two language families
-Gate keepers to the interior of canada
spoken by Wendat And haudenosaunee (AKA) Huron and Iroquois
Algonquain
-Largest language family among the aboriginal people in canada
-Algonquins each developed particular characteristics and ways of life depending on the environment
The Vikings
-From scandinavia - modern countries of Swedennorway and denmark
-farmers also war like
-went south and raided towns
-small groupes looking for land to farm and make a life
-colonised iceland and south coast greenland
John Cabot
sailed for english sailed north Atlantic looking for the route to Chine
Found Grand Banks of which had cod.Claimed NewFoundland for England
Jacques Cartier
French sailor - went up the St Lawrence looking for Asia. Took 2 First Nations hostage and took them to France.
Taxes
Goods
Tea
Tea party
Tax On other tea not on east indian tea
Sons of liberty throw tea in boston harbour
Intolerable Acts
1.Boston Port Act-closed the port affected imports/exports
2.Matusis government act-all positions in the colony government are appoint by Britain
3.adminiatration off justice act-british officials could be tried in another colony or Britain
- Quartering act- house solders in un occupied houses
Champlain
French soldier and navigator sponsored by King Henry IV.
Founded colony at Port Royal ( which ended)
Went up the St Lawrence and discovered " Quebec"
- Alliance with the Algonquins who were at war with the Haudenese. They will supply him furs and he will give them guns.
Beginning for the Fur trade. The Wendat ( good traders and Farmers) lived near Lake Huron ..They also supplied furs to the French.
Quebece settlement - attacked in 1629 - by English and Camplain was taken prisoner. .
He did return and set up trading posts. Backed by Cardinal Richelieu.The
settlement survived
Settling of upper and lower canada
Social History and the Impact of Immigration on the following groups: First Nations, Europeans, African Americans, Women
Europeans
African americans
First nations
Women
newcomers wanted their land for fertile farming
Europeans wanted FN on reserves
Wanted the FN to farm
lost culture over time
came with the promise of land
came for the fur trade
most of the good land was taken by crown and clergy reserves and land speculators
A new way of life starting from scratch clearing land
They had to help each other , rich and poor, to work the land. this broke down social barriers. There was no cheap labour like europe.
small cabins with poor sanitation, crowded
daily life was people trying to make money, mostly poor. many came from poverty in ireland, scotland
slavery abolished in 1793
Free black americans were promised land in Canada
Refugeess came to canada to escape slavery
The blackk americans came by the underground railroad, a secret route of safe houses that enabled escape slavery
defined by social class of husband
most were married. They depended on their husband as they could not own property or work outside the home.
Had to work hard on farms
Finding a good husband was important so social gatherings included matchmaking
The Social establishments within Upper and Lower Canada
Lower canada
Upper canada
Location: Ontario
Political Beliefs: William Lyon McKenzie. did not like the family compact and criticized the government, and wanted radical change.
Language: English
Issues against Govt: discrimination against french, lack representation in govt, and taxes
Group: Family Compact
Location: quebec
Political Beliefs: Louis Joseph Papineau wanted reform. He became speaker in 1815.
Language: French
Issues against govt: complained about roads, land speculators, absentee landlords, family compact having power. had a paper called Colonial Advocate.
Group: Chateau de clique
Rebellions of Upper and Lower Canada and the significant characters that shaped the outcomes.
Upper
Lower
What:
St Designs, St Charles, St Eustache
When: Nov 6 1837-Dec 14 1847
Why
Who: Papineau, Patriotes, and Fils de la Liberté
Who: William Lyon Mackenzie, Robert Gourlay, Lord Russel, Sir Francis Bond Head
When: Dec 5, 1837 - 1838
What:
Where
Why: did not succeed: poorly organized. Leaders did not know how to lead.
- Papineau attempts to organize protest
- Patriotes and Fils de la librté resist arrest
- Authorities attempt to arrest Papineau and he flees to america
- full rebellion breaks out
- Rebels under Wolfred Nelson have an early success and take st denis
- Rebels lose at St Charles and St Eustache (rebels burned and shot)
Dec 1837
Rebels not were not supported by church
Fear of British Army
Rebels were disorganized and poorly supplied (also looted so limited support for them).
- Rebels gathered at Montgomery's Tavern in Toronto and prepared to march down Yonge Street
- 500 rebels march down yonge street
3Lose battle due to misunderstanding of volley fire (first line fired, second ran away!)
- They went back to M's Tavern and there was more confrontation. They were attached and dispersed a few days later by the British Army
- Mackenzie creates the Republic of Canada and flees to the US
- Mackenzie leads rains from across the border from the US with their support.
- rebellion ended. rebels sent to Tasmania
1838 lord Durham arrives
Toronto
Development of canada
Economic:
Political:
Religion important
End of Reciprocity: American ended free trade putting pressure on (no market again)
Rail/Infrastructure: made critical transport system for upper, lower, and rarities
Canada had benefited from preferences it gained from Britain to sell its grain in Britain. Corn laws: britan could buy corn from any country and canada lost part of British Market
Inefficient Government: Individual politicians could topple govt by voting against bills
Fenian Raids: Attept to attack the british. Get the british out of canada but most irish stayed loyal to Canada
Manifest Destiny: US destined to control america, so confederation reduced chances of invasion
New France
one Hundred Associates - fur trade company ordered to bring French colonist to New France.
Jesuits came convert Native people to Catholic
Factors leading to confederation
Social
Important people and conferences
September 1864 MacDonald, Brown, Cartier attend PEI conference. Persuade the Maritime provinces to consider Federation
**British North America Act of 1867 ; British Parliament passed the act and created Dominion of Canada
Fur Trade/ Metis/ Rebellion - Northwest company allowed
First nations treaty and Indian act
Put First Nations on reserves . Government wanted to sell the land.
Offered resources, health care and education.
Europeans to marry First nations - created the Metis
- lived in the Red River Valley- hunted bison and good farmers.
Arrival of Lord Selkirk and colonists - did not recognize Metis land rights - Caused tensions in the area.
Louis Riel represented the Metis. Red River Rebellion.
Manitoba entered Confederation in 1870
October 1864 Quebec conference - new federation but each provincial government should keep a lot of power
Northwest Rebellion
Louis Riel and Metis rebel and kill in the end Canadian soldiers. Riel was hung and Metis had rights.
Oregon territory and British columbia
Oregon Territory - west of Rockie Mountains - no one controlled it.
America wanted it.
British Columbia joined confederation if they got the railway.
Cariboo Gold Rush
Gold rush - 1860 - 1863 - found gold near Barkerville - 30000 people came.
Stamp Act
All 13 colonies rose up against the British in 1775
Growing Discontent in America because of British taxes on American goods
Britain did not want manufacturing of goods to occur in America
The Boston Tea party happened= where Americans threw tea into the Boston harbour instead of paying taxes
American Revolution happened in 1775
British sent army and navy but most Americans were against them
Britain won in Southern states, Savannah and Charleston, lost in the north
Britain did not want France to enter the war = so gave United States independence at the Treaty of Paris in 1783