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Introduction to Programming (Object Oriented Languages (Classes, Objects,…
Introduction to Programming
procedural programming language techniques
analysis
defining the problem
analysing origin and use of data
recognising the procedures needed
predicting future development
recognising problems with existing system
design
creating an algorithm to process the data
identifying necessary data structures
choosing an appropriate output and input
deciding on a user interface
considering security of software
appropriate configuration of hardware
programming
breaking problem down into individual bits
code written in chosen language
testing
black box testing
functional testing
carried out independently of the code used
uses test data covering all inputs, outputs, and processes
whitebox testing
dependent on code logic
derives from program structure
each possible path tested at least once
cannot detect missing functions
grey box testing
beta testing
giving software to potential users
users use system and report problems to developers
exposes program to real use and may detect unanticipated problems
can be modified and sent out for further beta testing
alpha testing
carried out by software developers in-house testing team
reveals both errors and omissions from requirements
implementation
software installed on user's system and more tests performed
new errors usually found and more work carried out
evaluation
post implementation review
critical examination of the system 3-6 months after release
evaluated on effectiveness, usability and maintainability
comparison of actual outcome with anticipated outcome
assessment of aspects against preset criteria
unexpected benefits and problems
assembly language
using mnemonics to represent commands instead of machine code
one assembly code instructions = one machine code instruction
little man computer is a model of assembly language
branch instructions
machine code instructions
opcode
operand
programming models
waterfall lifecycle
each step of development completed one at a time from beginning to end
each step has a specific output that leads to the next step
user only involved during analysis and evaluation
adopted from manufacturing industry
spiral model
agile modelling
extreme programming
rapid application development
Modes of Addressing Memory
Immediate
Direct
Indirect
Indexed
Object Oriented Languages
Classes
Objects
Methods
Attributes
Inheritance
Encapsulation
Polymorphism