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What happens post urbanisation? (Counter - urbanisation (CASE STUDY -…
What happens post urbanisation?
Suburbanisation
Suburbs are very planned (to cater for families?)
Suburbanisation is is moving away from the city CBD into suburbs
The suburbs are typically, widely paved, have front drives, have front and back gardens, filled with semi detached houses
CASE STUDY: Suburbanisation - Ladywood to Quinton
Ladywood
has - cheapest housing, run down businesses, high crime rates.
People moved from run down areas such as Lozells and Ladywood in Birmingham due to the high crime rates that make it an unsuitable area for families to live.
High density living in small houses encourages a lower standard of living and quality of life, compared to living in a suburban area.
Quinton
has - Traditional 1930's semi detached housing, four dwellings school, businesses thrive in this area.
People move into Quinton due to the increase in opportunities and the Four Dwellings school.
There is an increase in green space and transportation. The increase in urbanisation in the suburbs is to facilitate for the increase in people.
Push factors from the inner city
- congestion, pollution, high density living, health detriments, lack of education, lower quality of life, poorer standard of living.
Pull factors from the suburbs
- more space, higher greenery, cleaner air, more opportunities for employment, more safety
these are facilitated by improvements to transport and wealth and edge of city improvements.
Counter - urbanisation
counter urbanisation is the movement of people from urban areas to rural areas
city population can fall or stagnate, HIC's have experienced this since the 70's, population in Birmingham has dropped by 7.3%
Commuting
Having more open space means there is less pollution and there is a better health
there are arterial roads such as Hagley Road which allow easy access to the city
Trains, trams and buses and the input of the metro system allow easy transportation, more economically and environmentally sustainable.
People can live further away from the city and subvert the idea that it provides a better quality of life, by having an equally good quality of life further away from the city
Cycle to work schemes encourage a more environmentally and socially sustainable lifestyle
lower crime rates encourage families to live there
People have a high car ownership, therefore they can travel to work and commute to the city from rural areas.
Retirement
Good pension are available
We live longer in general as a population
Older people move to coastal or rural locations
Grey pound - more elderly money is spent on activities
Grey vote - elderly people are more likely to vote, therefore have more power. eg Brexit vote, many elderly people chose to leave
Employment
more space for businesses to open up
businesses move out of cities into rural areas as land is cheaper
commuting is easier
technology enable people to work from home, coffee shops and pop up offices
mobile offices
CASE STUDY - Birmingham. During the 70's and 80's wealthy middle families encouraged the growth of dormitory villages or commuter villages eg Hagley
Hagley - big road which are easy to access the countryside and the city.
Trains
Population of 5500
A456 Hagley Road - arterial road
16km distance is the average for people travelling to work
Hagley built extra train lines to cater for the increase in people commuting to the city
Issue with counter urbanisation
Changing layouts of settlements, for example farms are turned into units
Gentrification in villages causes tensions between insular locals and new people
Commuters - services which are local, close down when they are no longer used
7 empty properties which are second ownership
four trains per hour