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L31: Adverse Drug Reaction (Type A (Hypoglycaemia (Insulin,…
L31: Adverse Drug Reaction
Type A
Hypokalaemia
Loop Direutics
Frusemide
Postural Hypotension
Alpha 1 Adrenoceptor Antagonists
Sedation
Benzodiazepines
Hypoglycaemia
Insulin
Sulphonylureas
Gastriritis
Non-Steroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs
Hypercalcaemia
Calcitriol
Type B
Idiosyncratic Drug Reactions
Primaquine
Non-Immune Haemolytic Anaemia in
G6PD deficiency
patients
Azathioprine (AZA)
Bone Marrow Suppression in
TPMT deficiency
patients
Abacavir
Hypersensitivity Reaction in patients with
HLA-B*5701
allele
Carbamazepine
Severe skin reaction in patients with
HLA-B*1502
allele
Immunologic Drug Reactions
Immunologic Mechanism
Type 2
Delayed in onset, usually caused by IgG: cytotoxic
Type 3
Delayed in onset, caused by IgG: drug immune complex
Type 1*
:!:
Immediate in onset, mediated by
IgE
, mastcells &/or Basophils
Type 4*
:!:
Delayed in onset,
T-cell
mediated
Time of Onset
Immediate
(<1 hr)
IgE
mediated
Type 1
reactions
Symptoms
Angioedema of face/laryngeal tissues (difficulty breathing)
Wheezing (bronchospasm)
Pruritis(itching)
Hypotension
Urticaria
:!:
Classic wheal and Flare - signs of mast cell degranulation
Flushing
Anaphylaxis
Delayed
(>1hr)
Commonly
Type 4
,
T-cell
mediated
Symptoms
Drug rash with eosinophilia & systemic symptoms (DRESS)
Fever, rash, multi-organ involve +/- eosinophilia & lymphocytosis
minocycline
allopurinol
phenobarbital
dapsone
lamotrigine
abacavir
phenytoin
nevirapine
carbamazepine
"Non-skin" T cell mediated hypersensitivity reactions
interstitial nephritis
pneumonitis
drug-induced hepatitis
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
:!: & toxic
epidermal necrolysis
Fever & mucocutaneous lesions > necrosis & sloughing epidermis
co-trimoxazole
:!:
levetiracetam
:!:
Others: Drug-Induced Autoimmunity
Lupus-like disease
amiodarone
minocycline
penicillamine
sulfasalazine
isoniazid
phenytoin
procainamide
Fixed drug eruption
Pemphigus-like disorder
penicillamine