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EMP Crimes - 1500 - 1750 (Highway Robbery (Causes for rise (As there were…
EMP Crimes - 1500 - 1750
Highway Robbery
Causes for rise
As there were men returning home from wars with France, unemployment of men with skills involving guns and violence was high
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Lonely areas outside of towns, with no law enforcement, were perfect for robbing carriages
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As there were no banks, wealthy carried their money with them
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Constables and Sheriffs did not operate outside the towns and their county borders, and no information was passed on
Myth
The myth was that highway robbers were whimsical gentlemen who would joke with their victims, and be polite whilst robbing them. Women would want to be robbed by a highwayman due their being handsome and flirtatious, and would often carry a second purse for the sole purpose of being robbed.
Reality
In reality, the highway robbers were violent and feared, and would use any means necessary in order to cover their tracks, such as cut out the tongues of the victims who had seen their faces. They would also use their guns against their victims, often shooting and killing them
Causes for decline
As highway robbery increased, JPs decided to stop licensing taverns which were known to serve the highwaymen
As stagecoaches were used as transport more and more, it became dangerous for highwaymen to rob them
The increase in development meant that the lonely areas they sed to operate in were no longer available
Banks started to increase so people carried less money around with them, meaning there was less to rob
Rewards and harsh punishments for the highwaymen meant that they were deterred from committing the crime, and found it harder to get away with it
Heresy
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Examples of heretics
Archbishop Cranmer - a protestant Archbishop of Canterbury, who wad against the throne of Mary 1st. When he was sentenced to burn at the stake, he denounced his religion, however Mary 1 burnt him anyway
Latimer and Ridley - both protestants. Died together at the stake. Both openly disagreed with Mary 1st rule and supported Lady Jane Grey, who was seen as the rightful heir to the throne.
Margaret Clitheroe - a catholic who was found guilty of harbouring catholic priests in her house in York. Was killed under her own door in a torture method of having weights put on to the door, in order to try and obtain information
Witchcraft
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Causes for rise
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The old women who were once respected, were now reliant on the community. They would have no one to give evidence for them in court.
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Vagrancy
Vagrants were people who begged, didn't pay tax and had no fixed abode
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Smuggling
Causes for rise
Taxes on goods from countries such as France were very high, and few could afford the goods
The poor wanted access to the same level of goods as the rich, and the rich wanted their goods cheaper
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Goods such as tea, silk, brandy, tobacco and sugar were smuggled
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