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Poland-Lithuania (Elective Monarchy (1573: Henrician Articles (Promise to…

- - - - Inherited his predecessor's problems without benefiting from any negotiated advantage
- - - - Accused of planning to, by the szlachta
    - - Permanent standing army with finance guaranteed by permanent taxes
      - Powers of the hetmen reduced
- - - - Decided the internal affairs of districts/provinces
      - Magnates influential: high government offices & role as local landowners
    - - Separation increased magnates vs. gentry
      - Post 1572, senators could organise themselves better
  - - - Domination of gentry in his own province
- - - - Only supported monarch in 1626 when Swedes threatened Baltic grain exports
        
        Already captured Riga & Livonia
- - - - Create a large standing army
      - Increase royal revenues
      - Introduce regular procedures for discussions in the Sejm to curb excesses
      - Replace the principle of unanimity in the Sejm with simple majority votes
  - - - Plan for reformation through the Senate
        
        Success in the Swedish War
        
        Problem of succession/VR (duc d'Enghien)
- - - - Tipped the balance in favour of the Chamber of Deputies
  - - - Royal lands illegally alienated after 1504 to be returned to the king's domain
      - Lands divided
        
        "Table" lands to meet the expenses of the King's court
        
        Lands to be administered for the King by the starostas
        
        1/4 of the revenues from both to go to the upkeep of a regular standing mercenary army
  - - - Creation of a central Diet
    - - Tempted Lithuanian gentry, against Lithuanian magnate opposition