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Woodwork AOS 2 - Product Development in Industry (New and Emerging…
Woodwork AOS 2 - Product Development in Industry
Scales of Manufacturing
One Off
Produces products for a very select context and/or problem.
With only one being produced , the cost is high
Level of skill needed to complete the product
High level of finishes in production process
Quality of materials
Specialist equipment
Low-Volume/Batch
Only small number of products are made at on time instead of continuously.
May use this style of manufacturing if the product has a niche market or is a new product
Designer may use this small number of products to gauge the consumers interest in the product
If the interest is high more product batches could be produced or move it to a higher volume production scale
Mass/High Volume
Faster and Cheaper
Used a manufacturer has to produce a high number of the same product with little or no difference
Continuous Production
Production of one type of product 24 hours, 7 days a week.
only shut down for maintenance or safety issues
Useful if you have to constantly supply the same material or product.
Mostly used in changing raw materials to usable materials to be used in higher value products
Quality Control (Product Development Process)
Used in throughout production to ensure that the product meet expected quality.
Tools that have been created need regular testing to ensure they continue to produce expected outcomes
Qualiy checks can be done in any scale of manufacturing
Examples
Training workforce is correct procedures
Debug tooling to insure quality parts
Use quality materials (no faults etc)
Monitor quality of joining and finishing techniques
Efficient and effective use of tools
Manufacturer and/or Designer Will Look at the Current Product and Explore Ways To
Reduce the cost of production
Research and Development
Research and development is the process used by companies to create new knowledge about products or processes on a systematic basis to increase their bank of knowledge and use it to developed new:
Materials
Products
Devices
New processes systems
New services
Improve those already produced our installed
Beneficial for companies to research similar industries to:
Determine where changes is needed
Adapt to new ways of doing things
Find similar our better ways of doing things
Improve what they already know and do
In Product Development Stage
Design
Developing and improving designs to better suit end users needs and wants.
More effective use of computer aided design (CAD) to achieve successful innovative results leading to product manufacture
Innovation design that can involve the exploitation of a new market opportunity
Manufacture
New and more efficient use of technology (tools, and machinery) trailed and developed
Research of new types of manufacturing processes such as laser technology or rapid 3D prototyping
Developing new or existing materials or searching a broader range of materials they could potentially use from various sources.
Material testing in ways that increase their overall potential
New and Emerging Technologies
Laser technology
Robotics
Computer-aided design (CAD)
Computer numerical control (CNC)
Rapid 3d prototyping
Three Pillars of Sustainability
Environmental
Social
Economic
Sustainability Models
Life Cycle Analyses
Is the
scientific analyse
of a products
environmental impacts at all stages
of its life
Production
- chosen processes production techniques used will have minimal environmental impact over others to produce a quality product
Distribution/Marketing
- Products with the minimal environmental impacts
Design
- Chosen materials to be used will have minimal environmental impacts over others to achieve same look
Once completed, a designer can refine their designs and/or manufacturing process/how it is transported to improve its sustainability
Cradle to Cradle
Looks at a products life and how
all aspects of the products can be reused or recycled or re manufactured
This creates no **waste throughout the products life
Design
- Consider materials that have no impact. Consider production techniques that sustainable and have no impact
Production
- Using production techniques that produce no waste in materials or impact
Distribution/Marketing
- Products will need to be transported to stores/end users with no impact
Design for Disassembly
Easy a product that can easily be broken down into its parts
Design
- Products parts are designed to be taken apart. Products parts are made from minimal amount of different materials that can be recycled
Production
- Product parts are joined without glue or with minimal joins. All parts labeled.
Distribution/Marketing
- Products are shipped with packaging that can be removed easily and disposed of with sustainability in mind.
For a product to be disassembled it must be easy for the end user to disassemble the products parts
Extended Producer Responsibility
Takes responsibility of the disposal/recycle/reuse of the product to the producer
Steps taken by them
Step 1: Product Produced by manufacturer
Step 2: End-user buys product
Step 3: End user uses product
Step 4: End - users returns product to manufacturer
Step 5: Product disposed of by manufacture
Obsolescence
When a products style, technology or function becomes outdated and is not wanted anymore
Functional Obsolescence
Product can no longer function
User
Problems
Cost of buying the same product due to cost of repair being more then the product
Short life of products
Increased waste
Benefits
Products are easily replaced
New functions are now in averaged priced products instead of higher
Products are reasonably priced
Manufacturer
Problems
Cost less to make products
Materials can cost less
Benefits
Fine line between meeting customers expectation in quality and using cheaper materials
Poor quality products through quicker and cheaper production processes
Technological Obsolescence
Product or product components becomes outdated due to better/newer technology available
Benefits For the User
Up to date products
Multiple functions in the same product
Faster speed of product functions
Problems for the User
Cost of constantly updating products
Useful products now "useless"
Old technology will not work with the new software updates
Style Obsolescence
Still works but is out of style
Benefits for the User
They will always be 'up to date'
New products will always available
Problems for the user
Newly purchased products might go out of style quickly
Low quality products due to rushed manufacturing
5 P's of Marketing
People
Refers to the designer, staff, and customers. this covers customer service levels as well as effective communication and training for the staff.
Place
Associated with channels of distribution that serve as the means for getting the product to the target cutomers.
Included Market coverage, channel member selection, logistics and level of service
Promotion
Communicating and selling to potential consumers.
Useful to know the value of a customer in order to determine whether additional customers are worth the cost of acquiring them
Includes advertising, public relations, media types etc
Product
Physical products or service offered to the consumer
Price
Pricing decisions should take into account profit margins and the probably pricing response of competitors.
Includes not only the list price but also discounts, financing and other option such as leasing
Manufacturing Definitions
Something made from raw materials by hand or by machinery
The process of making wares by hand or by machinery especially when carried on systematically with division of labor
A productive industry using mechanical power and machinery
The act or process of producing something
ISO and Australian Standards
A standard is a published document which sets out technical specifications or other criteria necessary to ensure that a material or method will consistenly do the job it is intended to do
ISO - International Organizations For Standardization
Environmental Management
- Standards relate to efficient and economical in the use of resources, wast reduction/pollution, streamlining processes to reduce time, effort and money
Social Responsibility
- has guidelines for behaving in a socially responsible manner. no requirements just to assist companies
Risk Management
- Sets out principles, a framework and a process for the management of risk - financial, safety and environmental and unforeseen impact of natural disasters
Quality Management
- System - How the product is produced Products - The quality of the product itself
Not just about the quality of a product, it is about the implementation of quality management method systems, procedures and staff training
Mandatory Standards
- Passed as a law by the government (enforced by law).
Failure to comply with the mandatory standard can lead to prosecution or the withdraw of goods or seizure of equipment and plant
Product Recall
- A product can be recalled because of poor design, faulty parts, inappropriate materials, week construction methods, toxicity of materials
Product Development Process
Step 1
: Identifying a need
Step 2
: Designing and planning for manufacture
Step 3
: Manufacture and distribution
Step 4
: Out in market place and consumer use
Step 5
: Evaluation of the product and modification