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Volcanic eruptions (Mt. Pinatubo (1991) (Philippines- best observed VEI6…
Volcanic eruptions
Mt. Pinatubo (1991)
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H2SO4 travelled globally within 1st year- increased particle concs in strat= increase in optical depth
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In 1992, SH ozone hole increased to unprecedented size- depletion rates v fast
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In summer 1992 ice on Hudson Bay melted a month later than norm- pinatubo bears= many sized to become v large
Particles grow to larger size & fall out of atm faster- those w diameters >0.5microns scatter solar radiation less efficient back to space
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Volcanic emissions
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HCl and HF
Hazardous to people, animals and agriculture-> fluorosis
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Tambora (1815)
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Widespread crop failure, famines and diseases
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Mount St. Helens (1980)
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Small effect on climate BUT amplitude of diurnal cycle of surface air temp in region of troposphere cloud changed
Proxy records
Tree ring records
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Accurate dating- however only extends back 2kyr, ice cores reach 800kyr
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