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Parenting- the Important Job (Family Dynamics (Children grow both…
Parenting- the Important Job
Macrosystems
Political
Ideology- theories pertaining to government
Traditional societies rely on government to be highest ranking power; autocracy
Modern societies believe in democracy- power in people
Parenting practices influenced by religion, nation, ethnic, and progressive
Socioeconomic status
lower income has more stress in job which could lower parenting quality (more controlling). Emphasize different values like obedience, cleanliness, and respect.
Higher income- value independence, creativity, curiosity; reason more with chidren
Occupation also has influence, lawyers reason more while teachers focus on good academics
Culture, Ethnicity, and Religion
All parents want: ensure health and survival, have abilities to be self-reliant, and maximize cultural values
Collectivistic- inherit authority role, work with others, emphasize body language and indirect communication, guided by obedience and imitating others, emphasize sharing and interaction with people as have group loyalty
Individualistic- achieve authority, competitive relationships, direct communication as face-to-face, open to all, learn by doing and gain sense of independence, skills emphasized: decision making, individual achievement, self-expression
Chronosystem Influence
History
18th Century: Children seen not heart, immediate obedience, help with house chores, writings said children blank slates that needed filling, mother first teacher
19th Century: Child-centered instead of parent-centered, children need love and affection to develop, discipline mold character of children
Early 20th Century: Behavorism, Freud developments
Mid 20th Century: Children set schedule not parent, Benjamin Spock said parents should enjoy role
Late 20th Century: Parents to love and hold children, recognize differences, emphasize intellectual development, now more permissive but still need to be firm
Parenting Styles: Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive, and Overinvolved OR Uninvolved
Attachments: Secure, Resistant, Avoidant, Disorganized
DEPENDS ON CULTURE
Competence- Pattern of effective adaptation to environment, behavior socially responsible, friendly, independent, and dominant
Competent children come from good home with loving parents
NO: maltreatment, neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse; could have gained those parenting through no support system or abused as children
Family Dynamics
Children grow both physically and cognitively so parenting must change
Temperament- 3 types: Easy, Difficult, and Slow-to-warm-up; goodness-of-fit- when parents adapt to child's needs
Different socialization for boys and girls from mothers and fathers
Disabilities- negative feelings, worry about future, strain on other family relationships
Size matters (more resources from siblings), Multigenerational, parents have different relationships with children as grow, Marital quality must be maintained, cope with stress influence children
Appropriate parenting: consider age, keep reasonable expectations, good discipline approaches, model self-control