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Adolf Hitler (WWI Involvement and Post-War Duties (Hitler was drafted into…

- - - - wins Iron Cross First Class
      - highest honor
  - - - injured from mustard gas
    - - "Stab in the Back" myth
      - November Criminals
        
        term given to members of Weimar Government
        
        betrayed German army
  - - - confidential informant
      - spied on political parties
        
        DAP (German Worker's Party)
        
        shared many ideas with Hitler
        
        openly nationalistic
        
        anti-semetic
        
        anti-Weimar
- - - - didn't always get along
      - wanted Hitler to be a civil servant
      - his death freed Hitler to pursue art
    - - close relationship
      - died of cancer, death hit him hard
  - - - moved in 1898
      - father died here
        
        Hitler dropped out of school and moved to Vienna #
      - school
        
        good elementary student
        
        poor high school student #
    - - Viennese Academy of Fine Art
        
        applied twice
        
        denied twice
        
        depressed Hitler
      - poverty
        
        Hitler ran out of money
        
        started interacting with homeless
        
        started to shape his ideology
        
        antisemitism # #
        
        German nationalism #
        
        sold paintings on the street to make money
  - - - Austrian Pan-German Politician
      - advocate of greater Germany
    - - Mayor of Vienna
      - promoted organized antisemitism
      - organized large crowds to promote ideas
    - - wrote book on Aryan supremacy
      - describe multiple ways to deal with Jews
- - - - must resign from military first
      - Sept 1919
    - - Leader
      - co-author of the 25 Point Platform
    - - nationalistic
      - anti-Weimer
      - anti-semetic
    - - National Socialist German Worker's Party
      - swastika
        
        symbol to brand the party
      - beer hall speeches
        
        go to the people
        
        people can listen in and maybe join
  - - - announced 3 year moratorium
      - France refused
        
        French occupy the Rhineland #
        
        "reparation in kind"
    - - unemployment climbs
      - extremist parties grow (NSDAP)
      - middle class disappears
    - - November 1923
      - Hitler feels conditions are right for a revolution
      - tries to stage a march on Munich, then Berlin
      - fails and Hitler is put on trial for treason
        
        found guilty
        
        5 years in prison (serves 9 months)
  - - - he would have to lead Nazis by himself
      - alliance with German army was necessary
      - he would have to come to power legally
    - - book he wrote in prison
      - 3 main ideas
        
        right of the stronger race in conflict
        
        right of superior nations to gain lebensraum
        
        right of superior individuals to establish authoritarian leadership over the masses
- - - - all state Governors appointed by Hitler
      - only Germans could be civil servants (including teachers)
      - outlawed labor strikes
      - outlawed labor unions
      - outlaws all political parties (except Nazis)
  - - - power to remove Chancellor (Hitler)
      - he was pleased with stability Hitler was creating
    - - conflict with SA over who was more important
      - military was needed them for domestic control and lebensraum
    - - some were advocating a second revolution
      - could put Hitler's power in jeopardy
  - - - Goebbels (Minister of Propoganda)
      - Himmler (leader of SS)
        
        SS is subordinate group of SA
        
        however, they felt superior to SA
        
        wanted to establish own identity
    - - eliminate current threats to Hitler
      - execute others who had betrayed or opposed Hitler along the way
    - - used to explain the reasons for the purge
      - said the individuals were a threat to Germany
      - stated that Germany was still united
  - - - can do so because of Enabling Act
      - still holds a vote for public perception
      - law passes easily
- - - - Germany's economy is plummeting
      - effect of the economic restrictions of Treaty of Versailles
    - - Gustav Stresemann
        
        created the Great Coalition
        
        Reichstag could actually make laws now
        
        persuaded French to leave industrial Ruhr Valley
        
        negotiated Germany into League of Nations
      - Charles Dawes
        
        US Budget Director
        
        reformed German banks
        
        burned old money and started over
        
        ended hyper-inflation #
      - Dawes Plan
        
        created with help of Stresemann
        
        gave Germany more time to pay reparations
        
        would lend 800 million gold marks to kickstart German economy
    - - 1929 - US Stock Market crashed
      - US called in German loans
        
        destroyed Germany economy
        
        unemployment jumped to 6 million
    - - some turned to communism
      - others turned to Hitler
        
        supported and financed by wealthy businessmen who feared communism
        
        many saw weakness in democracy
        
        supported Nazi ideas
        
        blamed Treaty of Versailles
        
        blames reparation payments
  - - - legislative body of government
      - 1928 - Nazis had 12 seats
      - 1932 - Nazis had 230 seats
      - Nazis act as obstructionist to force Article 48 #
    - - former military general
      - popular with the people
    - - leader of Reichstag
      - revolving door due to inefficiency
        
        Bruning - 2 years
        
        Papen - 6 months
        
        Scheicher - 2 months
        
        Hitler - appointed in January of 1933
        
        Reasons why Hitler rose to power
        
        great speaker
        
        moderate political parties didn't work together
        
        depression of 1929 - created a crisis
        
        Nazi storm troopers (SA)
        
        Goebbel's propaganda campaign
        
        given power by Hindenburg and Papen (they thought they could control him)
        
        Germans still angry about Treaty of Versailles
        
        wealthy industrialists who feared communism financed him and the Nazis
    - - during times of crisis, the President can suspend civil rights
      - only the President can do this
      - legislative powers would be turned over to Chancellor
      - happened so often it became the norm
      - also often results in new Reichstag elections
  - - - they want to pass the Enabling Act
        
        "Law for the Removal of the Distress of the People and Nation"
        
        would give Chancellor (Hitler) dictatorial legislative power for 4 years