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Ecologism (Key Thinkers (Ernst Friedrich Schumacher (fritz), Arne Naess,…
Ecologism
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Origins of Ecologism
Ecologism or environmentalism are labels adopted by political movements which regard the protection of the environment as a primary goal
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Holism - the belief that the natural world can only be understood as a whole, by studying the complex interdependent relationships among its parts
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Anti-Industrialism
'industrialism' describes economic and social systems based on the mass, mechanised manufacture of goods rather than agriculture, craftsmanship or commerce
Environmentalists (anthropocentric) critics of industrialism have a damaging impact on the ecosystem
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Industrialism - an economy based upon mass manufacturing rather than agriculture, handicrafts or commerce
Shallow and Deep ecology
Shallow
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Believe that the earth was given to humans for their comfort and support and bounty of nature is a integral right of humanity
They seek to preserve the environment because it nourishes our soil and in future will provide us with fibres, foods, water etc.
Shallow ecologists are thus 'anthropocentric' - the belief that human interests are of primary importance
Deep
Adopt a biocentric view that all living things are of equal value and worthy of moral respect in their own right
The human species is no more important than any other species - humans are the most damaging and destructive species
Condemns environmentalism as no more than a form of engineering - consumes while seeking out a way to reduce pollution
Reject all conventional political philosophies as anthropocentric and human-centred, obsessed with mass production and limitless economic growth
Deep ecologists are thus 'ecocentric' - the belief that the ecological intresests of the planet are of primary importance
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Light and Dark greens
Light
light greens deal with the effects, but not the causes, of ecological crises.
They respond to specific environmental problems but do not question industrialisation or economic growth.
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Dark Greens
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Political and moral critique of modern industrial societies and prescription on what they think the a sustainable society would look like
They are still anthropocentric but challenge further by rejecting economic growth and social 'progress'
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