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Ecology of Parenting (Culture, Ethnicity, and Religion (Differences…
Ecology of Parenting
Culture, Ethnicity, and Religion
Similarities
- Ensure physical health, economic self-reliance, and instill appropriate behaviors.
Differences
Cooperative/Interdependent Orientation
- Authority Role: based on hierarchy, patriarchal, rank and status are important
- Relationships: harmony is valued, family needs>individual needs, children are obedient
- Communication: more indirect, nonverbal > verbal,
- Emotion: both inward and outward, inward not shown publicly
- Discipline: age=knowledge, children obey and imitate, obligation to parents
- skill emphasis: get along with a group, modesty and moderation, children are expected to be developmentally appropriate.
Competitive/Independent
- Authority Role: achieved authority is valued, rules are same for everyone
- Relationships: compartmentalized, behavior governed by self, decisions are democratic
- Communication: direct and independent of context
- Emotion: openly express feelings, adaptive strategy of display
- Discipline: rational order and action, problem solving, aims to be preventative
- skills: decision making, individual achievement, personal responsibility
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Inappropriate Practices
- maltreatment - intentional harm to or endangerment of a child
- abuse - maltreatment that includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, and psychological or emotional abuse
- neglect - maltreatment involving abandonment, lack of supervision, improper feeding, lack of adequate medical or dental care, inappropriate dress, uncleanliness, and lack safety
- physical abuse - maltreatment involving deliberate harm to the child's body
- sexual abuse - maltreatment in which a person forces, tricks, or threatens a child in order to have sexual contact with him or her
- incest - sexual relations between persons closely related
- psychological or emotional abuse - maltreatment involving a destructive pattern of continual attack by an adult on a child's development of self and social competence, including rejecting, isolating, terrorizing, ignoring, and corrupting
Help for Children
- guidance - involves direction, demonstration, supervision, and influence
- discipline - involves punishment, correction, and training to develop self-control
About Parenting
- parenting - the implementation of a series of decisions about the socialization of children
Political Ideology
- political ideology - theories pertaining to government
- autocracy - a society in which one person has unlimited power over others
- democracy - a society in which those ruled have equal power with those who rule
Socioeconomic Status
This can effect multiple aspects of a child's life. Dependent upon the economic status of the family will influence a parents ability to be their and to parent effectively.
Chronosystems
-18th Century: humanism - a system of beliefs concerned with the interests and ideals of humans rather than of the natural or spiritual world
tabula rasa - the mind is a blank slate before impressions are recorded on it by experience
- 19th Century: children are innately good, expect obedience and ignore disobedience
- 20th Century (early): behaviorism - the theory that observed behavior, rather than what exists in the mind, provides the only valid data for psychology
fixation - a Freudian term referring to arrested development
- 20th Century (middle): period of stages of development
- 20th century (late): child centered parenting, respect child's agency
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Parenting styles
- Authoritarian
- Authoritative
- Permissive
- Uninvolved