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PLANNING (TYPES OF PLANNING (4. NATIONAL PLAN: NAT PLAN GOV INFLUENCE RE…
PLANNING
TYPES OF PLANNING
4. NATIONAL PLAN: NAT PLAN GOV INFLUENCE RE GOODS & SERVICES
5. DEVELOPMENT: PARAMETERS NEEDED IMPROVE OUTPUT
3. SHORT TERM: ANNUALLY
6. LAND/CITY: PHYSICAL LOCATION & DESIGN OF DEV PROJECTS
2. INTERMEDIATE: 5 YEAR SPAN PIDP
7. MGMT PLANNING: HOW 2 REACH OBJECTIVES EVALUATING O & T
1. LONG TERM: > 5 YEARS NDP
8. BUDGET: HOW REVENUE WILL BE RAISED & SPENT
PROCESS
2. ESTABLISH OBJECTIVES
3. FOCUSING
1. ASSESSING SITUATION
4. DETERMINE ALT ACTIONS
5. EVALUATE & SELECT COURSE OF ACTION
6. IMPLEMENT PLAN
7. EVALUATE PROGRESS
TECHNIQUES AID PLANNING
2. PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES
GRANTT CHART; CRITICAL PATH METHODS
3. COMPUTERS
STORING & ASSESSING INFO
1. DEMOCRATIC PARTICIPATION
PARTICIPATION THROUGH VARIOUS VIEWS - TAKE INTO ACCOUNT
PITFALLS
2. MAKE PLANS 2 RISKY
1. NOT ESTABLISHING GOALS 4 ALL AREAS
3. NOT EXPLORING ALTERNATIVES