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France 1793 Challenges and responses - the move to terror ( (War (Foreign…

- - - - On February 24th 1793 the convention ordered the conscription of 300,000 men into the revolutionary army to meet the demands of escalated war.
        young men beat up mayors and priests and tore down liberty trees and burnt draft lifts
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        war of peasants
- - - - The economic challenge: The food crisis
        
        The war drew heavily upon France’s food supplies and disrupted the international trade. All basic commodities (sugar, coffee, soap + candles) were in short supply and prices were increasing.
        
        ECONOMIC TERROR
        
        General Maximum Law- During 29 December 1793, the Convention passed the 'Law of the Maximum'.' This law created fixed prices on goods , wages and services.
        
        The sans-cullotes wanted it as they could afford bread
        
        Sans-culottes went into the countryside to enforce Maximum. They clashed with the peasants and the conflict between countryside and town deepened
        
        Government in difficult position: farmers would stop doing their work and no profit was gained
        
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        The peasants hated it because the rate was often below the cost of production
        
        During February 1794. the government increased the previous fixed prices. This allowed the people to be fed and the currency to increase in value.
        
        The Maximum was imposed by the rich due to the absence of a revolutionary army.
        
        January 1793 – food riots again occurred in Paris.
        
        February – The radical ‘section’ meetings of Paris condemned free trade (which middle-class deputies in the Convention supported).
        
        The popular movement petitioned both the Jacobin Club and the Convention for government regulation of prices.
        
        25–26 February 1793 – When the Convention refused, the sans-culottes, encouraged by the radical group called the ‘enraged ones’ (les enragés), responded with the practice of ‘popular taxation’
        
        As a result, crowds – led by women, broke open shops, declared what they thought a fair price for the goods (usually the 1790 price) and sold them at that price, then handed the money to the terrified shopkeeper.
- - - - Far left/ Repubican/Anti clercial/ want a humane and enlightened France/ support base - provinces - / support Federalism/free market policies to determine wages and prices/ committed to winning the war suspect Robespierre of wating to create a dictatorship - Jacobins are 'drinkers of blood'
      - Girondin leaders tried and found guilty (30th October 1793)
    - - Far left/ Repubican/Anti clercial/ want a humane and enlightened France/ support base - Paris sections and san culottes/support gov control of of wages and prices - Law of the Maximum/ committ*ed to wining the war but willing to make concessions for popualr support/ suspect Girondins of seeking support from the right/ royalists and nobles - to remain in power - blame Girondins for war
- - - - The sans-culottes demanded the imposition of a tax on the rich; price-control on grain; the purging of thirty Girondin deputies; the arrest of ministers; and the creation of an army of sans-culottes to deal with all traitors to the revolution.
        
        The National Convention had little choice but to expel the moderate Girondins. It ordered the arrest of twenty-nine deputies, including most of the Commission of Twelve. The Jacobins led the vote, while most deputies stayed silent.