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ASSISTING IMMUNITY (:STAR:VACCINES:STAR: (• Many diseases are dangerous…
ASSISTING IMMUNITY
:STAR:VACCINES:STAR:
• Many diseases are dangerous or lethal due to the speed they act before the body can mount a defence
• Vaccines are dead or non-infectious versions of a disease (or even just antigens found on the surface of the disease) that allow the lymphocytes to develop into memory cells
• Substances called adjuvants are usually added to vaccines to activate the innate immune system to ensure the level three defences are activated
Importance of Vaccination:
• First developed in 1796 for smallpox, most vaccines in use have been developed in 20th century
• A great history of vaccines can be heard on the podcast Sawbones and its vaccination episode
• Vaccines caused a dramatic drop in both death and cases of vaccine preventable diseases
• It is so effective that governments around the world support vaccination programs for the populations as a way to maintain public health
Vaccine use in populations
• Most vaccines created today are made using chicken eggs
• While most people in population can take vaccines, some cannot due to egg allergies, age, or certain autoimmune diseases
• Preventing a disease from spreading in a population relies on ‘herd immunity’
• If a significant proportion of a population is immunised against a disease, even if the disease is introduced, it can’t spread through that population
• Number varies for different diseases
Example: Measles
• While measles has been officially eradicated here in Australia, it remains a problem as people are exposed to the disease when travelling overseas
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