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Drugs (Drug arrests concentrated on black community:
吸毒被抓集中在黑社区 (Street…
Drugs
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Becker, Grossman and Murphy (2004)
If drug markets are perfectly competitive, firms earn zero profits:如果药物市场完全竞争，企业就可以获得零利润：
Resources devoted to drug production, smuggling and distribution, including cost of violent actions equals the revenues from drug sales专门用于药物生产，走私和分配（包括暴力行为费用）的资源等于药物销售收入
If demand is inelastic, a fall in consumption will increase revenues and hence resources devoted to supplying drugs如果需求无弹性，消费量的下降将增加收入，从而增加供应药物的资源
The more inelastic demand, the lower the marginal benefits of enforcement (everything else equal):需求更无弹性，执法的边际效益越低（一切平等）：
It reduces the quantity of drugs consumed (but this may or may not be a good thing)减少消耗的药物的数量（但这可能是或不是一件好事）
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the more inelastic demand, the higher the marginal costs of enforcement
Extra spending per unit of drug consumption can be more than offset by a fall in consumption if the elasticity of demand is high如果需求弹性较大，消费量下降可抵消每单位药物消费额外支出
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Thus an inelastic demand (coupled with relatively small external social cost from drug consumption) would likely lead to spending on prohibition being sub-optimal.
Spending on drug enforcement is less likely to be optimal – only if the marginal external cost from consumption is very high 药物执法支出不太可能是最佳的 - 只有边际消费的外部成本非常高
Even then, the cost will be very high 即使这样，成本就会很高
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