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How humans assist the spread of invasive species (Transport (Ballast Water…
How humans assist the spread of invasive species
Trade
EU Open Market
Free movement of goods between all EU member states.
Over 10,000 known invasive species in Europe currently - The spread of these invaders in European countries can be done faster by means of the trading routes - this interlinks with transport.
Socio-economic impacts that influence the spread of invaders in Europe.
Ancient Spice Route
Trade has been happening for hundreds of years - facilitating the spread of non-native species across Europe and other continents.
Shipping
90% of the current world trade is done via shipping - with 40% of this coming through Europe.
This allows for AIS to be introduced into Europe from all over the world - posing huge threats to European biodiversity
Travel
Spread of Invasive Diseases
West Nile Virus came from Africa into USA and greatly affected blackbird populations in the east of the states.
This virus was thought to have been introduced to USA from Africa by means of a mosquito that carried the virus being present on a plane.
Souvenirs Risks
Often customary for people to bring back gifts for friends/family from exotic places that they have travelled to - this could be dangerous as these gifts could unknowingly contain AIS
Transport
Another socio-economic factor
As world populations increase, world trade and travel increase.
This introduces bigger threats to European biodiversity
As mentioned in trading, Ballasts are the biggest facilitator of aquatic invasive species spread.
The more transport by shipping required will be dependent on the level of trading and travel - these factors all influence the rate at which human activity is helping Alien Invasive Species
Ballast Water
Chinese Mitten Crab
is a good example of a species transported by ballast water
Not all of these survive due to differences in marine temperatures and conditions etc.
7,000 species each year are carried around via ballasts
Tourism
This also linked in with the souvenir risk of travel.
Tourism requires travel - this facilitates movement of species from one country to the other
Planes, ships, cars, etc. - species can all become attached to these vehicles and moved
An increase in economic wealth will mean an increase in tourism, trade and travel.