Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Neuro (Brain vesicles (Mesencephalon (Midbrain (CN3 and 4 (Aqueduct of…
Neuro
Brain vesicles
-
-
Diencephalon
Epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus
-
-
-
4 Lobes
Parietal lobe
Rest
- Integrating sensory stimuli + making meaning out of stimuli
-
Occipital lobe
Around sulcus, on occiptal lobe: visual association cortices. Important in processing what the eyes have seen + making meaning out of it. Two streams of visual processing: Ventral and dorsal
Medial surface occipital lobe: Calcarine sulcus, posterior aspect of this sulcus: macular vision is processed. Anteriorly: peripheral vision is processed
Frontal lobe
Motor Association areas
- Initiating motor movements internal or external stimulus
- Also release CORTICOSPINAL TRACT
-
-
Pre-frontal cortex
DOM:
Dorsolateral: Goals (short, medium and long)
Orbitofrontal: Inhibits inappropriate behavior
Medial(venteromedial): Motivation and mood
Temporal lobe
- Auditory input: temporal love contains gyri which process different pitches of sound hear from ears
- Visual: Ventral stream of visual processing extends here
- Wernicke's area: Understanding speech
- Memory productions
Brain stem
- Brain
- Tegmentum (VENTRAL) and base
- Tectum: DORSAL
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla
- Controls most basic functions human
- Anterior: BASE
- Posteriorly: Tegmentum
- Region of midbrain: Posterior/superior to aqueduct of Sylvius: Tectum (roof)
- Tectum: Superior and inferior colliculi: Visual and auditory processing
Brain stem tegmentum
- All cranial nerve nuclei, reticular formation + substantia niagra
Pontine tegmentum
- CN 5-8
- Reticular formation
-
Midbrain tegmentum
- CN 3+4
- Reticular formation
- Substantia Niagra: DOPAMINE
Brain stem base
- Descending motor tracts (e.g. corticospinal): Includes Crus cerebri + pyramids and olives
- Superior olive: Auditory processing
- Inferior olive: Error signals to cerebellum
-
-
-
Homunculi
Motor homunculus
- Motor cortex: movement various parts of body
- Different parts of motor cortex, different parts of body
- Somatotopic distribution
- Head and arms: lateral on motor cortex
- Leg is medial
- Extending down longitudinal fissure (separates two brain hemispheres)
Sensory homunculus
- Post central gyrus/somatosensory association cortex
- Different parts receive sensory input from different areas
Blood supply
- Dual circulation
- Internal carotids: Anterior brain
- Vertebral arteries (comes off subclavian arteries): Posterior brain
- Join up at circle of Willis
-
Neuroembrology
- Neuroectodermal tissues differentiate from ectoderm + thicken to neural plate
- Neural plate border separates ectoderm form neural plate
- Neural plate bends dorsally, two ends joining at neural plate borders: NEURAL CREST
- Closure of nerual tube disconnects neural crest from epidermis.
- Neural crest differentiate form most of PNS
- Notochord degenerates + only persists as nucleus pulposus of intervertebral discs.
- Other mesoderm cells differentiate into somites (precursor of axial skeleton + skeletal muscle)
Definitions
Sulcus: Shallow goorve surrounds gyrus
Gyrus: ridge or fold between two clefts cerebral surface of brain
Cerebral cortex: Outer layer neural tissue of cerebrum
Grey vs white matter:
- Grey: contains cell bodies, dendrites and axon terminals
- White matter: Axons
3 sulci/fissure
- Central sulcus
- Lateral fissure
- Transverse fissure