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The development of imperialism, c1857- c1890: The Suez Canal and Egypt…
The development of imperialism, c1857- c1890: The Suez Canal and Egypt
Britain and Egypt:
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1863: Isma’il Pasha leader
Modernisation initiated Ottoman ruler 1805-48
Muhammed Ali Pasha professional army extended Egyptian rule Sudan
Irrigation
Railways to schools
Street lighting
Suez Canal Egypt- connect Mediterranean with Red Sea/ Arabian Peninsula
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Suez Canal: British seafarers/ merchants trade India and China
India: 6,000 miles shorted than via the Cape
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Britain, France and Egypt in the early 19th century:
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The Sudan
Gladstone reluctant drawn into conflict ordered General Gordon oversee evacuation British/ Egyptian troops from Khartoum (1884)
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1883: British-Egyptian military expedition under command Colonel William Hicks launched counter-attack against Mahdists (Hicks killed)
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Opposition from Sudanese Islamic cleric Muhammad Ahmad (June 1881 proclaimed himself Mahdi- saviour of mankind)
Colonel Charles Gordon sent to act as Governor-General of Egyptian-administered Sudan (behalf 'puppet' Khedive Isma'il 1877-80)