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MACBETH AND THE TRAGIC PROTAGONIST (Themes (Sleep (Shakespeare uses sleep…

- - - - "How now, you secret, black, and midnight hags! What is't you do" (4.1.46-47)
  - - - Macbeth confront his enemy in Act III while hallucinating Banquo’s ghost. This shows a turn in Macbeth’s mental state after betraying his King and friend for power.
    - - .
  - - - "When you durst do it, then you were a man” (1.7.49)
- - - - Lowland Scotts were more civilised and not as barbaric. The terrain wasn't as mountainous and farming was much easier
      - Close to the borders of England where Macduff fled when he had suspicions of Macduff
      - Macduff was the thane of fife. Fife was a section of land between the lowlands and the highlands.
    - - Very mountainous, plenty of forests and very hard to plant crops. Mountains and forests allow for men to camouflage their numbers
      - In this time there were wars and fights between clans. The soldiers were very aggressive and cruel to each other
      - Where Macbeth battled and lived before he killed Duncan. In the beginning of the play a battle is going on in the background. Macbeth lived in Inverness which was part of the Highlands
  - - - When one of the witches is asked what she was doing she responds by saying "Killing swine" (1.3.1).
      - the witches disappear numerous times in the play of Macbeth "The earth hath bubbles, as the water has,
        And these are of them. Whither are they vanish'd?" (1.3.80-81).
      - Banquo describes the witches as strange looking creatures which " look not like the inhabitants o' the earth, And yet are on't?"(1.3.39-40). He also describes them looking neither man or women "you should be women, And yet your beards forbid me to interpret That you are so. (1.3.45-47)
      - The witches make three spirits appear to tell Macbeth prophesies "He will not be commanded: here's another, More potent than the first." (4.1.75-76)
      - The witches make many strange potions with disturbing ingredients "Silver'd in the moon's eclipse, Nose of Turk and Tartar's lips, Finger of birth-strangled babe Ditch-deliver'd by a drab," (4.1.27-30)
      - The witches are to blame for the many of the terrible actions performed by Macbeth and are therefore seen as evil.
  - - - "Killing swine" (1.3.1).
      - "The earth hath bubbles, as the water has,
        And these are of them. Whither are they vanish'd?" (1.3.80-81).
      - " look not like the inhabitants o' the earth, And yet are on't?"(1.3.39-40) "And yet your beards forbid me to interpret That you are so. (1.3.45-47)
      - "He will not be commanded: here's another, More potent than the first." (4.1.75-76)
      - "Silver'd in the moon's eclipse, Nose of Turk and Tartar's lips, Finger of birth-strangled babe Ditch-deliver'd by a drab," (4.1.27-30)
  - - - But I have none: the king-becoming graces,
        As justice, verity, temperance, stableness,
        Bounty, perseverance, mercy, lowliness,
        Devotion, patience, courage, fortitude,(4.3.93-96)
    - - "I grant him bloody, Luxurious, avaricious, false, deceitful, Sudden, malicious, smacking of every sin That has a name:" (4.3.58-61)
    - - "No more that thane of Cawdor shall deceive Our bosom interest: go pronounce his present death, And with his former title greet Macbeth." (1.2.63-65)
    - - "My thanes and kinsmen,
        Henceforth be earls, the first that ever Scotland
        In such an honour named. What's more to do,
        Which would be planted newly with the time,
        As calling home our exiled friends abroad
        That fled the snares of watchful tyranny;"(5.6.62-67)
  - - - All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter” (1.3.52)
    - - "The raven himself is hoarse That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan Under the battlements" (1.5.39-40)
      - "It was the owl that shrieked, the fatal bellman" (2.2.5)
  - - - Character of Duncan
      - Character of Malcom
      - Character of Macbeth
      - Mental ilness
    - - Character of Banquo
      - The witches
      - Plot
- - - - Responsibility and Guilt
        
        “My hands are of your colour; but I shame / To wear a heart so white" (2.2.61-62). She means that now her hands are bloody, like his, but she would be ashamed to have a "white" -- bloodless and cowardly
        
        "Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood / Clean from my hand? No, this my hand will rather / The multitudinous seas incarnadine, / Making the green one red" (2.2.57-60).
        
        "Now does he feel / His secret murders sticking on his hands" (5.2.16-17)
      - Trust
        
        "Give me your hand; / Conduct me to mine host: we love him highly, / And shall continue our graces towards him. / By your leave, hostess" (1.6.28-31
    - - When Macduff learns of the murder of his family and says, “What, all my pretty chickens and their dam At one fell swoop?” (4.3.225), he compares his children to chickens as they had no control over their deaths. Macduff uses the comparison of chickens in order to show he feels it his fault as the father, or metaphorical farmer, to secure the safety of his helpless chickens.
      - Bird imagery is also used when describing the disturbance Duncan’s death has had on the wildlife. The atmosphere is described as having “A falcon tow’ring in her pride of place Was by a mousing owl hawk’d at and kill’d” (2.4.10-13) implying the order of power is no longer in tact.
    - - .
      - .
      - "Here's the smell of the blood still; all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand" (5.1.44-45)
  - - - "If we should fail?" (1.7.59)
      - "A foolish thought, to say a sorry sight" (2.2.24)
      - "When you durst do it, then you were a man” (1.7.49)
      - "We fail? But screw your courage to the sticking-place, And we'll not fail" (1.7.59-61)
    - - “She would have died hereafter, There would have been a time for such a word” (5.5.16-17)
      - "The queen, my lord, is dead." (5.5.16)
- - - - Used to create mystery which emphasizes the more important factors Shakespeare is trying to get across
    - - .
      - "Our duties and the pledge" (3.4.92)
    - - Used to show general opinion on a topic
      - "Threescore and ten I can remember well...but this sore night Hath trifled former knowings" (2.4.1-4)
    - - The addition of a third murderer causes suspicsion in reader
  - - - Banquo knows of his possible heirs being kings but doesn’t act on the prophecy. This reflects on Macbeth as he took similar prophecies and caused violence.
        
        Fleance
        
        First look that Macbeth has lost enough sanity to kill a child. Power has taken his mind
        
        " And with him,
        To leave no rubs nor botches in the work,
        Fleance, his son, that keeps him company,
        Whose absence is no less material to me
        Than is his father’s" (3.1.135-139)
    - - Kind and compassionate ruler whom Macbeth was supposed to be loyal to. Instead, this was Macbeth's first act of betrayal for power.
        
        Donaldbain
        
        Malcolm
        
        His fleeing although is an act of fear, Macbeth manipulates it into being an act of guilt to everyone. Suggests Macbeths new skills of manipulation As well, he plays the role of a good guy when he wins the throne back. Also, he tests Macduff by suggesting his indulgence in lust. But, Macduff’s reaction shows that no matter what Malcolm thinks is bad, he is always better than Macbeth’s current rule
        
        "Not in the legions Of horrid hell can come a devil more damned In evils to top Macbeth" (4.3.56-58)
    - - Son
        
        “What, all my pretty chickens and their dam At one fell swoop?” (4.3.225),
      - Lady Macduff
        
        "But I must also feel it as a man" (4.3.228)
      - His reaction to his families death reflects on Macbeth. As well, they had the similar position and were both supposed to be loyal to Duncan, however Macbeth betrayed Duncan.
  - - - Macbeth says, “She would have died hereafter, There would have been a time for such a word” (5.5.16-17). This implies he does not care for her now that he has gained power
    - - "But I must also feel it as a man" (4.3.228)
- - - - Macbeth is not sure he wants to kill Duncan in act 1 scene 7 when he is talking to Lady Macbeth "We will proceed no further in this business. He hath honored me of late" (1.7.32-33).
      - Men were believed to be brave, courageous, cruel, not afraid to kill, strong and didn't need help from women. If a man possessed all these qualities he was greatly respected. this is shown in act 1 when Duncan admires Macbeth fro his bravery and courage " O valiant cousin! Worthy gentleman!" (1.2.24)
      - Lady Macbeth is very good at manipulating Macbeth into murdering Duncan. She uses the idea of gender against Macbeth by questioning his manly-hood
        
        she asks him are you afraid? "Art thou afeard To be the same in thine own act and valour As thou art in desire?" (1.7.39-41)
        
        Are you a coward? "Wouldst thou have that Which thou esteem'st the ornament of life, And live a coward in thine own esteem, Letting 'I dare not' wait upon 'I would,' Like the poor cat i' the adage?
        
        Are not manly enough? "When you durst do it, then you were a man; And, to be more than what you were, you would Be so much more the man." (1.7.49-51)
    - - Lady Macbeth possessed many qualities that represented the stereotype of a man which seemed unnatural to what was beleived. Shakespeare's explanation for this was that Lady Macbeth had been possessed by a spirit which made her act less like a women and more like a man. "Unsex me" (1.5.39)
      - Lady Macbeth believed that if she is to perform violent or cruel crimes she must be unsexed because people believed women didn't do bad actions "And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty! make thick my blood; Stop up the access and passage to remorse, That no compunctious visitings of nature Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between The effect and it!" (1.5.38)
      - Women were expected to basically be the opposite of men: Weak, unable to murder or kill, manipulative, emotional, kind and unpowerful. People believed all women were the same and that they possessed these qualities.
      - By being possessed by the spirit she is able follow through with her evil plans of killing Duncan. Since she is unsexed she no longer feels remorse and compassion but also she can have murderous thoughts and she can be cruel.
  - - - Betrayal
      - "Wisdom! to leave his wife, to leave his babes,
        His mansion and his titles in a place
        From whence himself does fly? He loves us not;"(4.2.7-9)
    - - Macbeth
        
        Bleed, bleed, poor country!
        Great tyranny! lay thou thy basis sure,
        For goodness dare not cheque thee: wear thou
        thy wrongs;(4.3.37-40)
        
        Macbeth is hated by his country and has less power
      - Duncan
        
        "Duncan
        Hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been
        So clear in his great office, that his virtues
        Will plead like angels, trumpet-tongued, against
        The deep damnation of his taking-off;"(1.7.16-20)
        
        Duncan is loved by his people and has allot of power
  - - - Macbeth and Banquo are very similar and close
      - Macbeth doesn't trust Banquo after the actions Macbeth commited
      - "Our fears in Banquo
        Stick deep; and in his royalty of nature
        Reigns that which would be fear'd: 'tis much he dares;"(3.1.50-53)
    - - Malcolm and Macduff are not close friends
      - Malcom tests Macduff to make sure he can trust him
      - "Macduff, this noble passion,
        Child of integrity, hath from my soul
        Wiped the black scruples, reconciled my thoughts
        To thy good truth and honour."(4.3.128-131)
  - - - usually men would make the decisions and were the ones who were evil and merderous "unsex me" (1.5.42)
    - - Lady Macbeth uses persuasive techniques to control Macbeth "And live a coward in thine own esteem,
        Letting 'I dare not' wait upon 'I would,'
        Like the poor cat i' the adage?" (1.7.43-45)
    - - power destroys relationships shown with Macbeth and Lady Macbeth
  - - - “Who can be wise, amazed, temperate and furious,/ Loyal and neutral, in a moment? No man:/ The expedition my violent love/ Outrun the pauser, reason. Here lay Duncan,/ His silver skin laced with his golden blood;"(2.3.104-109)
    - - “For the blood-boltered Banquo smiles upon me/ And points at them for his” (4.1.123)
    - - "Hail, king! For thou art. Behold where stands/The usurper's cursed head." (5.8.54-55)
  - - - Punish the bad and reward the good
      - Duncan's duties
        
        "No more that thane of Cawdor shall deceive Our bosom interest: go pronounce his present death, And with his former title greet Macbeth." (1.2.63-65)"
    - - Macbeth doesn't posses the good qualities of a king
      - Macbeth tries to act like a good king
        
        "You know your own degrees; sit down: at first And last the hearty welcome." (3.4.1-2)
    - - Kings Relationship with God
      - Kings relationship with people
      - Qualities of a king
        
        "But I have none: the king-becoming graces, As justice, verity, temperance, stableness, Bounty, perseverance, mercy, lowliness, Devotion, patience, courage, fortitude" (4.3.93-96)
  - - - "“The deep damnation of his taking-off; And pity, like a naked new-born babe, Striding the blast, or heaven's cherubim, horsed Upon the sightless couriers of the air, Shall blow the horrid deed in every eye,"()
    - - said “I have given suck, and know How tender 'tis to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have pluck'd my nipple from his boneless gums, And dash'd the brains out, " (1.7.54-58)
  - - - “I have no spur To prick the sides of my intent, but only Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps itself, And falls on th'other." (1.7.25-28)
    - - “All Hail, Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter!”. Lady Macbeth persuades Macbeth into killing Duncan questioning his manhood which eventually beats his morals “And live a coward in thine own esteem” (1.7.43).
    - - Restrain in me the cursed thoughts that nature
        Gives way to in repose!(2.1.8-9)
- - - - The setting in the beginning is very weatherly. One of the witches asks if they will "meet again In thunder, lightning, or in rain?" (1.1.1-2). This means that the witches will meet when something is unnatural or wrong because rain, lightning and thunder all represent disorder/something that shouldn't be happening. Therefore, The setting foreshadows that something wrong will happen when Macbeth meets the witches.
      - There is thunder and lightning as well as a battle in the background. This represents that the chain of being is slightly
    - - Before Duncan's murder the natural world is out of place. The skies are dark and not even the stars are showing their light "Hold, take my sword. There's husbandry in heaven; Their candles are all out."
      - Disorder or evilness is present before the murder of Duncan and can be sensed by the character Banquo "And yet I would not sleep: merciful powers, Restrain in me the cursed thoughts that nature Gives way to in repose!"
    - - After Duncan is murdered the chain of being is completely out of order and all of nature is affected.
      - The first strange occurrence is the wind and mysterious sounds herd by people after Duncan is killed "Our chimneys were blown down; and, as they say, Lamentings heard i' the air; strange screams of death," (2.3.50-51)
      - Also, there are numerous storms and the sky is filled with darkness. the darkness symbolizes that something evil or cruel was commited. "Thou seest, the heavens, as troubled with man's act, Threaten his bloody stage: by the clock, 'tis day, And yet dark night strangles the travelling lamp:" (2.4.6-7)
      - Another strange occurance was the sighting of an owl catching and eating a hawk "A falcon, towering in her pride of place, Was by a mousing owl hawk'd at and kill'd."(2.4.12-13). This is very symbolic because the hawk was seen as being ranked above to owl. Also, owls only hunt small creatures like mice. So the owl represented Macbeth and the hawk represented Duncan.
      - The animals (Duncan's horses do very strange things which are abnormal. The horses are violent, act mad nd eventually eat each other. This again shows that the chain of being is out of order "Tis said they eat each other." (2.4.19)
      - The chain of being does stays out of order for the rest of the play until the very end when Macbeth is finally killed and the throne is replaced by it's proper owner (Malcom).
  - - - After Duncan is murdered
        
        He also does actions without telling Lady Macbeth like murdering Banquo. When Macbeth hears his wife has committed suicide he barely seems concerned. This shows how lost Macbeth is and how he seems more like Lady Macbeth at the beginning of the play.
        
        On the other hand, Macbeth changes since he has no fear or confusion. He has changed from a brave and couraeous king liked by many people to a heartless and evil king disliked by the people of scottland and is pure evilness
        
        Later on in the play Lady Macbeth becomes the opposite. She becomes weak, confused and mentally unstable because she can not accept what she has done. Lady Macbeth deoes not make any descisions and no longer controls Macbeth
      - Before Duncan is murdered
        
        Macbeth is kind, brave and loyal and has many reasons not to kill Duncan. Macbeth doesn't kill Duncan because he wants to, he kills Duncan because he is manipulated by Lady Macbeth. Macbeth is the one who is confused and worried unlike Lady Macbeth
        
        In the begging of the play Lady Macbeth is the evil one in the relation. She also is the one who controls what Macbeth does and is the one to suggest killing Duncan. She knows she is doing something so evil she must become a man
  - - - "Our fears in Banquo
        Stick deep; and in his royalty of nature
        Reigns that which would be fear'd: 'tis much he dares;"(3.1.50-53)
    - - "Only look up clear;
        To alter favour ever is to fear:
        Leave all the rest to me"(1.5.74-76)
      - "What beast was't, then,
        That made you break this enterprise to me?
        When you durst do it, then you were a man;
        "(1.7.48-50)
    - - "Both more and less have given him the revolt,
        And none serve with him but constrained things
        Whose hearts are absent too." (5.4.12-14)
      - "but the confident tyrant/ Keeps still in Dunsinane"(5.4.8-9)
  - - - Bleed, bleed, poor country!
        Great tyranny! lay thou thy basis sure,
        For goodness dare not cheque thee: wear thou
        thy wrongs;(4.3.37-40)
    - - Macbeth
        
        Hear it not, Duncan, for it is a knell/ That summons thee to heaven or to hell."(2.1.62-63)
      - Lady Mabeth
        
        Hie thee hither,
        That I may pour my spirits in thine ear;
        And chastise with the valour of my tongue
        All that impedes thee from the golden round, (1.5.24-27)
      - Banquo
        
        Restrain in me the cursed thoughts that nature
        Gives way to in repose!(2.1.8-9)
  - - - "Hold, take my sword. There's husbandry in heaven; Their candles are all out."
    - - disorder
    - - "Our chimneys were blown down; and, as they say, Lamentings heard i' the air; strange screams of death," (2.3.50-51)
      - "A falcon, towering in her pride of place, Was by a mousing owl hawk'd at and kill'd."(2.4.12-13).
    - - The queen, my lord, is dead.(5.5.17)
    - - my lord is often thus,
        And hath been from his youth: pray you, keep seat;
        The fit is momentary;(3.4.53-55)