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Prevention strategies and treatments (Prevention Strategies (WHO MPOWER…

- - - - Protect people from tobacco smoke
      - Offer help to quit tobacco
      - Warn about the danger of tobacco use
      - Enforce bans on tobacco ads, promos, sponsorships
      - Raise taxes on tobacco
      - Monitor tobacco use and prevention policies
    - - Aim
        
        investigate effectiveness of school based campaign, germany
      - Procedure
        
        longitudinal study
        
        Participants german students (avg. age 13)
        
        classes either smoke free or not
        
        could win prizes
        
        control not in competition
        
        smoking status assessed after
      - Results
        
        experimental students had lower prevalence of smoking than control
      - Conclusion
        
        competition delayed onset of smoking
        
        maximize diff between them and outgroup (smokers)
      - Eval
        
        social desirability effect
        
        bias - teens, one culture
        
        can't stop smokers, just prevented potential start
- - - - low levels of nicotine used to relieve withdrawal symptoms, control cravings
      - products such as gum and patches
    - - Aim
        
        Investigate short term effectiveness of e-cigs on smoke cravings & withdrawal in comparison to inhalators
      - Procedure
        
        single blind controlled randomized experiment
        
        Participants: 40 smokers, smoked >10 cigs/day, not smoked overnight
        
        given either cigs, nicotine inhaler or e-cigs (0 or 16 mg nicotine)
      - Results
        
        e-cigs prod. same decline in desire to smoke as nico. inhaler
        
        ecigs = fewer side effects
        
        even 0 mg suppressed the desire to smoke
      - Conclusion
        
        Shows simulation of smoking behavior enough to reduce craving
      - Eval
        
        Bias of self report
        
        Reductionist, simplifies smoking
        
        Ethnocentric, focusing on Western Culture only
- - - - investigate effectiveness of nicotine patches and Zyban
    - - double blind
      - 244 nicotine patch
      - 245 zyban and nicotine patch
      - 160 placebo
      - 9 weeks, quit after 8 days
    - - 15.6 % Placebo no smoke after 1 year
      - 30.3% nicotine patch and 30.3% combined