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Immunology (Brenneria quercina) (CELL OF IMMUNE SYSTEM (Basophil- mast…
Immunology (Brenneria quercina)
Nada
Antigen
Molecule that trigger specific immune response and react with product of response.
Capsule
Pili
Flagella
Bacterial cell wall
Features of good antigen
High molecular weight
Complexity
Solubility (biodegradable)
Foreigness
Structures of antigen
Antigenic determinant site (epitopes)
Carrier - antigen itself
Ain husna
Humoral Immunity (transfer by "humor")
Neutralisation
block bacteria and virus adhesion
block toxin attachment
Agglutination
hinders act of pathogenic organisms
reduce number of units to be dealt with
increases characters of phagocytosis
Opsonisation
antibody
Fab - bind to pathogen
Fac - bind to phagocytes
As opsonin
molecules that bind to pathogen and phagocytes
promote phagocytosis
process
1) Fab bind to antigen
2) Fac undergoes conformational changes
3) Fac bind to FCR of phagocytes
4) Trigger phagocytosis
Activation of complement
Attach to antigen
activate the complement system
which is cascade of protein sequence to destroy cell via cell lysis
Antibody-dependent- cell-mediated-cytotoxicity
same as opsonisation, BUT,
cell not phagocytosized
killed extracellularly
Nurul
Line of body defense system
Non specific immune response
First line defense
Skin
Normal microbiota
Mucuous membrane
Second line defense
Fever
Phagocytic cells
Inflammation
Specific immune response
Third line defense
Aainaa Nadia
✨ANTIBODY ✨
Introduction to Antibody
Antibody = Immunoglobulin = Ig
Important component of specific immune response
Secreted / membrane bound
Protein molecules able to combine with epitope
Structure of Antibody
Basic structure:
Y
Four (4) polypeptide chains
2 light (L) chain
Small polypeptide subunit of an antibody
Composed of 2 tandem immunoglobulin domain
one constant (CL) domain
One variable domain (VL) - important for binding antigent
2 heavy (H) chain
Large polypeptide subunit of an antibody
Symmetry
Intrchain and interchain disulphide bond
Classes of Antibody
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulin D
Immunoglobulin E
Farah Eryssa's
Types of immunity
Innate
2 types
external innate immunity
examples
skin
chemcals in the blood
mucous membrane
normal microbiota
1st line of defense
prevent penetration of pathogens into tissue
internal innate immunity
2nd line of defense
mechanisms of protection
physiological barrier
inhospitable environments to pathogens
phagocytosis
engulfment and destruction of pathogens
by
3 more items...
inflammation
recruit more immune cells and factors
symptoms
redness
localized heat
swelling and pain
1st or 2nd line of defense
operate nonspecifically
natural defense system
nonspecific defense mechanism
Adaptive
Specific defense mechanism
characteristic
specificity
inducibility
memory
involve lymphocyte cells
B cell
Functions
antigen interaction
antibody production
immune memory
immunoglobulin on surface
recognize undigested antigen
T cell
TCR (T-cell receptor)
recognize digested antigen
do not produce antibody
effectors and regulatory cells
2 types
humoral immunity
acquired immunity
Jie
Organ of immune system
Production site of immune cell 1°
Bone marrow
Thymus
Production site of immune cell 2 °
Lymph nodes
Adenoid
Tonsil
Spleen
Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue
Blood vessel circulating thr body
Lymphatic vessels
CELL OF IMMUNE SYSTEM
Basophil- mast cell
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Monocyte - macrophage
Lymphocyte ( T cell and B cell)
Syahirah
CELL MEDIATED-To kill intracellular pathogen
Carried out by
Helper T cell
Killer T cell
Kills the pathogen
Overcome by
Fas pathway
Granule exocytosis
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