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Demography (Births (How do we measure births? (The birth rate - number of…

- - - - Feminist movement
      - Sharpe (1994) - changing priorities in girls
      - Wilkinson (1994) - 'genderquake'
      - Harper (2012) - education more important
    - - NHS
      - increase GNI & HDI
      - Clean environent
      - Health and safety awareness
      - Medication, doctors, healthcare more accessable
    - - Until late 19th century children were economic assets
      - Introduction of labour laws and compulsory schooling
      - Child centred society
      - £230,000 to raise a child to 21
      - Pester power
      - Media saturate soceity
      - More games, technology, enrichment activities
- - - - Berthoud (2003) - 23% live in classic extended families
      - Traditional family values
      - Marriage is often arranged
    - - Berthoud (2003) - less likely to be in a formal marriage and have high rate of lone parent families
      - Over 50% with children are lone parents as men are unreliable and women are supported by fictive kin
    - - Stem from intermarrying of people from different ethnic groups
      - Less stigmatised
      - Platt (2009)- African Caribbean more likely to marry people from other ethnic groups
- - - - 1900 = 19
      - 2012 = 8.9
    - - 1900 = 154
      - 2012 = 4.1
    - - Males
        
        1900 = 57
        
        2013 = 79
      - Females
        
        1900 = 57
        
        2013 = 83
      - People aged of 90 = 384, 980 (2002), and 513,450 (2012)
    - - NHS (1948)
      - Harper (2012) - significant reduction in people smoking
      - McKeown (1976) - wages and housing conditions increaed
      - McKeown (1972) - nutrition is a shared value and people have the money to spend more on organic food