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Biology 10 D (Mammals (Feeding and digestion Sara Alhossainiy (teeth…

- - - - feed on vegetation such as rabbits and deers.
    - - feed on herbivores such as lions and foxes.
    - - eat insects and other small invertebrates such as moles.
    - - feed on both plants and animals such as raccoons .
    - - Incisors (insectivores)
        
        Are long and curved, functioning as pincers in seizing insect prey.
      - premolars and molars
        (herbivores)
        
        Are used to slice and shear meat from the bones of their prey, while crushing and grinding.
      - Canines ( carnivores )
        
        to stab and pierce their prey.
  - - - leen alduraye
  - - - sweat glands
        
        maintain body temperature
      - Mammary glands
        
        produce and secrete milk that nourishes developing young
      - Scent glands
        
        produce substances that mammals use to mark their territories or attract mates
      - other glands
        
        produce hormones that regulate internal processes
  - - - learning
      - remembering
    - - responsible for coordinating conscious
        activities
    - - responsible for balance and coordinating movement
  - - - leen alduraye
  - - - Insulation
      - camouflage
      - sensory devices
      - waterproofing
      - signling
      - defense
    - - contains a tough fibrous protein called keratin
- - - - Epithelial cells and 10 – 30 cells thick.
      - Outer layer keratin.
    - - Contains melanin for skin tone.
      - Waterproof barrier
  - - - First Degree
        
        injured cells in epidermis
      - second degree
        
        injured cells in dermis
      - third degree
        
        cells in dermis and epidermis die. nerve cells are injured.
- - - - stores food
    - - contains small stones that crush food
    - - 1)Take in food
      - 2) Store it in the crop
      - 3) food moves to the stomach
      - 4) posterior end of the stomach there is a gizzard
      - 5) The gizzard's small stones crush the food
  - - - When a bird inhales, oxygenated air moves through the trachea into posterior
        air sacs,
  - - - where water is reabsorbed from the uric acid
    - - ilter wastes from the blood and convert it to uric
        acid
  - - - Helps it maintain high levels of energy by efficient delivery of oxygenated blood to the body.
      - Four chambered heart.
      - two ventricles > keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood apart > more efficient delivery
        
        Left atrium: receives blood from the lungs > left ventricle > out of body.
        
        Right atrium: receives blood from the lungs > right ventricle > lungs.
  - - - coordinate movement and balance during flight
    - - controls instinctive behavior
- - - - offspring crawl into the pouch to continue development while being nourished by milk from the mammary gland
      - animals that have short gestation period
      - pouches made of skin and hair on the outside of the mothers body
  - - - A therapsid is an extinct vertebrate with both mammalian and reptilian features
      - characteristics of therapsid: -pair of holes in the roof of the skull that allowed for the attachment of jaw muscles
        
        limbs positioned beneath their bodies that allowed for more efficient movement.