Acids & bases, Preparation of Salts + Qualitative analysis

Acids

Bases(Alkali)

Physical properties

pH < 7

Sour taste

Chemical Properties

Properties are only displayed in Aqueous state

Dilute acids react with metals that lie above hydrogen in the reactivity series

Turns moist blue litmus paper red

Dissolves in water to produce Hydrogen ions (H+)

Reacts with

Metal carbonate

Metal

Metal Oxide

Base

Acid + Metal --> Salt + Hydrogen Gas Hcl(aq) + Zn(s) --> ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Acid + Carbonate --> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

Acid + Metal Oxide --> Salt + Water

Acid + Base --> Salt + Water

Physical properties

reacts with

Chemical properties

pH > 7 = Akali

pH < 7 = Acid

pH = 7 = Neutral

8 to 11 = Blue

Above 11 = Violet

3 to 6 = Orange/Yellow

Below 3 = Red

Green

Qualitative analysis

Soluble salts

All nitrates

All halides (Cl, Br, I)

All sulfates

SPAN (Sodium, potatossium, ammonium and nitrates)

Insoluble salts

Silver Halides, lead halides

Barium Sulfates, Lead(ii) sulfate and calcium sulfate

Carbonates