Acids & bases, Preparation of Salts + Qualitative analysis
Acids
Bases(Alkali)
Physical properties
pH < 7
Sour taste
Chemical Properties
Properties are only displayed in Aqueous state
Dilute acids react with metals that lie above hydrogen in the reactivity series
Turns moist blue litmus paper red
Dissolves in water to produce Hydrogen ions (H+)
Reacts with
Metal carbonate
Metal
Metal Oxide
Base
Acid + Metal --> Salt + Hydrogen Gas Hcl(aq) + Zn(s) --> ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Acid + Carbonate --> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Acid + Metal Oxide --> Salt + Water
Acid + Base --> Salt + Water
Physical properties
reacts with
Chemical properties
pH
pH > 7 = Akali
pH < 7 = Acid
pH = 7 = Neutral
8 to 11 = Blue
Above 11 = Violet
3 to 6 = Orange/Yellow
Below 3 = Red
Green
Qualitative analysis
Soluble salts
All nitrates
All halides (Cl, Br, I)
All sulfates
SPAN (Sodium, potatossium, ammonium and nitrates)
Insoluble salts
Silver Halides, lead halides
Barium Sulfates, Lead(ii) sulfate and calcium sulfate
Carbonates