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Lesson 4 (Ecology of the family (3-1Basic structure (US Bureau of Census…
Lesson 4
Ecology of the family
3-1Basic structure
George Murdock
family: a social group characterized by common residence, economic cooperation, & reproduction
US Bureau of Census
family: 2 or more persons related by birth, marriage or adoption who reside together
domestic partnerships, reciprocal partnerships, civil unions
nuclear family: husband, wife, & their children
husband & wife: companionship
children: affection & socialization
family of orientation: family into which one was born
family of procreation: family that develops when one marries & has children
extended family: relatives of the nuclear family who are economically & emotionally dependent on each other
matriarchal: emphasize the mother's side of the family as having formal authority & dominance
patriarchal: emphasize the father's side of the family as having formal authority & dominance
egalitarian: both sides of family as equal
3-2 Basic functions
reproduction
smaller family size
socialization/education
school
Horace Mann
assignment of social roles
Civil Rights Act 1964
ends racial & gender discrimination
economic support
nurturance/emotional support
3-3 Family Transitions
Divorce
64% live w/ married parents
24% live w/mothers
4% w/fathers
4%w/ unmarried parents
4%w/neither parent
joint custody
legal: divides decision-making authority
physical: where the child spends time
inconsistent disciple
parents use child to communicate
binuclear family: children are apart of 2 homes & 2 family groups
3-4 Diverse Parents
unmarried
interfaith
interethnic
same-sex
3-5 Macrosystem influences on Families & children: socioeconomic status
socioeconomic status: rank/position w/in a society, based on social & economic factors
ascribed status: social class, rank/position determined by family lineage, gender, birth order, skin color
achieved status: social class, rank/position determined by education, occupation, income, and/or place of residence
traditional society: relies on customs handed down from past generations as way to behave (ascribed)
modern society: looks to the present for ways to behave & is thus responsive to change (achieved)
William Goode: the family, not just the individual, that is ranked in society's class structure
operational definition: contains terms that are identifiable & can be researched
social selection perspective: individual characteristics of parents, based on genes, personality dispositions, & physical traits, will predict their degree of achievement in terms of educational attainment, occupational status, and income
social causation perspective: social class affects the socialization strategies pf parents and, consequently, impacts the development of children
family stress model: economic difficulties have an adverse effect on parents' emotions, behaviors, & relationships, which in turn (-) influence their socialization strategies
extended investment model: focuses on the ways in which the resources possessed by families of higher socioeconomic statuses increase the tendency & ability of of parents to promote the well-being & abilities of their children
3-6 Ethnic Orientation
Tonnies
gemeinschaft (corresponds to low context): interpersonal relationships ( cooperative, close, informal), authority patterns (autocratic, personal opinions & beliefs are private)
cooperative/interdependent, collectivism
gesellschaft (corresponds to high context): interpersonal relationships (practical, objective, formal), authority patterns (democratic, political control, fairness, equal rights)
competitive/independent, individualism
norms: rules, patterns, or standards that express cultural values & reflect how individuals are supposed to behave
Florence Kluckhohn
How do humans relate to each other?
What is the significant time dimension?
What is the valued personality type?
What is the relationship of humans to nature?
What are the innate predispositions of humans?
3-7 Religious Orientations
religion: unified system of beliefs & practices relative to sacred things, uniting into a single moral community all those who adhere to those beliefs & practices
influences patterns of gender roles, sexual behavior, marriage, divorce, birthrates, morals attitudes & child rearing
or
dress, dietary habits, alcohol consumption, health care, & social interactions
Protestant ethic: religiously derived value system that defines the ideal person as individualistic, thrifty, self-sacrificing, efficient in use of time, strong in personal responsibility, & committed to productivity
Religions provide: divine ideology, coping mechanisms, concept of death, establishment of identity
3-8 Political
domestic policies
immigration policies
foreign policies
3-9 Economic
job uncertainty
company buyout
downsizing
3-10 technological
improvement in living standard
increases busyness, multitasking, distraction
3-11 family empowerment
sociocultural stressors
crowding, traffic, noise, bureaucracies, and crime
psychological stressors
personal reactions to real or imagined threats and reactions to real or imagined pressure to achieve
physical stressors
disease, overexertion, allergies, and abuse
What defines a family?
99.8% say "husband, wife, & kids"
92% "husband, wife, no kids"
39.6% "couple living together"
83% "couple living together w/kids"
33% "gay couple"
64% "gay couple w/kids"
51% "pets are part of family"
The Blessing of Work
Don't study counterfeit, study real
heaven & earth took work to create
“Work is always a spiritual necessity even if, for some, work is not an economic necessity”
not an imposition; it was an opportunity
choose your work & love it
Family Work
power of shared participation
available in every home, no matter how troubled
Fiddler on the roof
tradition
we may not know how the tradition starts
we know who we are & what God expects us to do