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The expansion of Africa (East Africa (Egypt- British Influence 1869,…
The expansion of Africa
East Africa
Egypt- British Influence 1869, should be noted that Egypt was apart of the Ottoman Empire controlled by the Sultan in Constantinople. British occupation 1882 veiled protectorate.
Its major importance was the Suez Canal. A passage through the Red Sea into the East. It gave a huge advantage in travelling to the East as it was quicker than the alternative, which meant you would have to sail down to South Africa and the Cape of Good Hope. This meant that Britain could access trade routes and strategic expansions much faster than other power rivals. For example, India, China and Indonesia.
The Suez Canal was built and completed in 10 years(1859) between the Egyptians and the French. It finally opened in 1869. The Khedive (leader of Egypt) Isma'il sells his shares to the British Prime minister, Disraeli (1875).
The shares bought from Isma'il cost £4 million and gave Britain more shares than they originally had, which allowed them to have more power and influence in the Suez canal's shipping tariffs. Along with the British being more invested into Egypt itself.
Large loans were given to the Egyptian government from British banks to modernise Egypt. Between 1863 and 1879 Egyptian debt grew from £3 million to £100 million. The interest rate on the debt grew from 7% to 20%.
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Isma'il wanted to use the money to; Make Alexandria into a major port.
Modernise the Egyptian army with British weaponry.
To build over 1000 miles of railway.
Also to build schools, roads and public buildings.
The route to India was 6,000 miles shorter than going through the cape.
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By 1875, 80% of the ships going through the Suez canal were British.
Sudan- The Sudan had been controlled by the Egyptians since 1821 and was still being controlled after Britain took over Egypt in 1882. Becomes effectively British Empire in 1899.
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South Africa
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The Boer War 1899-1902, Between the British and the Boers (Dutch descendants from Dutch colonial days). After the war.They were angered by the Jameson raid, 1895 in the Transvaal.
The Jameson raid of 1895 was a plan by Cecil Rhodes and Chamberlain to take over Boer government in the Transvaal. However it didn't work.
Rhodes hated how the Boer prime minister Paul Kruger had placed high tariffs on British trade in the Transvaal. Also Utilanders (the name of British settlers in south africa by the Boers) were not allowed to vote unless they had lived in the Transvaal for 14 years and they were 40 years of age or over.
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