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Production Systems-Dairy (Reproduction management (21 days oestrus for 17…
Production Systems-Dairy
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Milk yield
Composed of mainly water, then fat + protein + lactose
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Diet
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Body condition score 0f 1-5 (obese), increase 50-70 days post calving
Grass only-loss of BCS due to less DMI, diarrhoea from spring grass, limited to summer milk production when prices are lowest but is cheaper as concentrates are increasing in price
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Breeds
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Holstein
Black + white, most common dairy cow
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Reproduction management
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21 days oestrus for 17 hours at a time, breed within 12-24 hours of standing heat as they will ovulate 10-15 hours later
Heat detection aids: tail paint, rump marks, activity monitors
AI benefits to natural service: more off spring, less inbreeding, less risk of disease + danger from keeping bulls, sexed semen, cheaper than buying a high genetic merit bull
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Calving
Calving paddocks should be kept close to staff house with no barbed wire/electric fencing, prone to becoming poached
Ensure colostrum intake within 4-7 hours (as no antibody production until 4 weeks) /replace with milk powder but that can cause diarrhoea due to low digestibility of plant carbohydrates + protein coagulation from heat treatment
Common cause of mortality during first 24 hours is enteric disease, septicaemia + pneumonia
Castration-rubber ring/surgical, anaesthetic needed if >1 week
Disbudding-burning requires aesthetic, chemical not if <1 week
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Cow lameness
Assessed by arched back from reducing weigh on lame foot, gait scoring, uneven weight bearing + foot examination
From poor indoor hygiene, long walking on hard tracks + inadequate foot care
Foot examination may show-interdigital dermatitis, heel erosion, sole ulcer, white line lesion