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Groups and Changes (Sources of Change in Groups (Social Learning (Guidance…
Groups and Changes
Sources of Change in Groups
Universality
Recognition of shared problems, reduced sense of uniqueness
Hope
Increased sense of optimism from seeing others improve
Social Learning
Guidance
Vicarious learning
Interpersonal learning
Group cohesion
Comfort, confirmation of feelings; acceptance
Disclosure & Catharsis
Revealing personal information to others
Altruism
Increased sense of efficacy from helping others
Insight
Gaining a deeper understanding of oneself
Group approaches to change
Group psychoteraphy
group psychoanalysi
offering interpretations and working through transference effects
Gestalt group therapy
use of experiments, techniques, and extensive role- playing methods to stimulate emotional growth
Psychodrama
uses role play and physical activities
interpersonal group psychotherapy
Leader helps members learn about how they influence others and how others influence them
cognitive–behavioral therapy groups
uses principles derived from learning theory to encourage specific behaviors
Interpersonal learning
training groups/ T- groups
encouraged to actively confront and resolve interpersonal issues through unstructured discussions
sensitivity training groups / encounter groups
individuals are urged to disclose personal aspects of themselves to others and provide positive feedback
structured learning groups
members take part in planned exercises that focus on a specific interpersonal problem or skill
Support groups
people combine their energies and efforts in an attempt to cope with or overcome a common problem
problem-specific
highly interpersonal
communal
autonomous
perspective-based
The Effectiveness of Groups
Perceptions VS Behaviors
promoting changes in the “ability to manage feelings, directionality of motivation, attitudes towards the self, attitudes to- wards others, and interdependence,” but that behavior is more resistant to change
The Value of Groups
groups provide social support BUT they are also a source of considerable stress for their members.
Evidence of Negative Effects
Casualty
Premature Termination
The withdrawal of a participant from a change-promoting group