Groups In Context
Places
Spaces
Territoriality
Stressful Group Settings
Behavior Settings
Comfort in Context
Reaction to Spatial Invasion
Seating Arrengement
Personal Space
Group Territory
Territoriality within Groups
Noise
Dangerous Places
Temprature
Ambience : The psychological reaction (mood, feelings, emotions) evoked by a setting.
overload : A psychological reaction to situations and experiences that are so cognitively, perceptually, or emotionally stimulating that they tax or even exceed the individual’s capacity to process incoming information
Synomorphy : the quality of the fit between the human occupants and the physical situation.
Staffing Theory
Understaffed
Overstaffed
Designing group spaces
Cells
Dens
Hives
Clubs
Interpersonal Zone
Social
Public
Personal
Remote
Intimate
Men , Women & Distance
Status
Culture
Controllability
Intensity
Arousal & Stress
Interference
Low Interaction Condition
High Interaction Condition
Seating Patterns and Social Interaction
Men, Women, & Seating Preferences
sociopetal spaces : Environmental settings that promote interaction among group members, including seating arrangements that facilitate conversation.
sociofugal spaces : Environmental settings that discourage or prevent interaction among group members.
Communication Patterns
Steinzor effect : The tendency for members of a group to comment immediately after the person sitting opposite them
Head-of-the-Table Effect
The tendency for group members to associate the leadership role and its responsibilities with the seat located at the head of the table; as a result, individuals who occupy such positions tend to emerge as leaders in groups without designated leaders.
territory A specific geographic area that individuals or groups of individuals claim, mark, and defend against intrusion by others.
Benefits
Territories and Intergroup Conflict
Types
Secondary
Public
Primary
people feel far more comfortable when their groups can territorialize their living areas.
Territories tend to reduce conflict between groups, since they organize and regulate intergroup contact by isolating one group from another.
Territory and Status
Territory and Stress in Extreme and Unusual Environments
The size and quality of individuals’ territories within a group often indicates their social status within the group.
Groups that achieve high levels of teamwork tend to be more successful than ones with rigid, traditional hierarchies.