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Madness (Hamlet (Ciatations: "Mad for thy love?" (2.1…
Madness
Hamlet 
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Throughout Hamlet, Hamlet himself is often unsure if he is truly seeing the ghost of his father, or if he is simply hallucinating.
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Ciatations: "Mad for thy love?" (2.1.82) -Polonius
"Poor Ophelia, Divided from herself and her fair judgment, Without the which we are pictures, or mere beasts" (4.5.85-87),
Citation Analysis: These citations prove two different things to the characters in Hamlet. The first citation is a quote from Polonius showing that he initially believes Hamlet lost his mind due to his great love for Ophelia. The second quote illustrates that Ophelia is mentally torn, and therefore mad, upon the death of her father.
Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been
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Citation: "She cried out, she cried for her mother, she felt her breath start jerking back and forth in her lungs as if it were something Arnold Friend was stabbing her with again and again with no tenderness. "
Citation Analysis: The citation makes it clear that Connie is either hallucinating or losing her mind. Though it is unclear to the reader what the real outcome of this may be, it still clearly demonstrates mental distress and madness in a tense situation.
The Neighbors
They routinely take pills not prescribed to them, and wash said pills down with alcohol.
The couple is distraught once they are no longer able to enter their neighbor's house, as they can no longer live someone else's life.
The Jones' envy their happy neighbors, and thus break into their apartment to try to live like them.
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The Lottery
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Citation: "Although the villagers had forgotten the ritual and lost the original black box, they still remembered to use stones."
Citation Analysis: This story is quite a bit different from the others in terms of how it portrays the idea of madness. Based on the quote you can clearly see that the author equates blind adherence to tradition to being pointless. The villagers dedicate no though to why they're doing something, they simply do it because it's the way that things have always been done. The author makes it clear that this is the height of stupidity, and that these self harming actions are simply madness.
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A Rose For Emily
Shortly afterwards, she's left by the love of her life. This leads to a complete breakdown.
Emily then murders the next man that she grows close to and keeps his corpse. This is in order to make sure that he can never leave her.
Citations: "Then we noticed that in the second pillow was the indentation of a head. One of us lifted something from it, and leaning forward, that faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-gray hair."
Citation Analysis: This quote helps illustrate Emily's descent into complete madness . Throughout the story her seclusion was often a point of great curiosity for the local townspeople, and upon finding this evidence they realized why Emily had become a recluse. She murdered the man she loved to make sure she could stay with him forever, with him always by her side. The indent in the pillow existed because she faithfully slept by a corpse for decades as a coping mechanism for her past losses
Emily 's father die, leading to her mental state becoming vulnerable.