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Crowds & Collective Behavior (Collective Dynamics (Who Joins In:…
Crowds & Collective Behavior
What Is a Collective?
A relatively large aggregation or group of individuals who display similarities in actions and outlook.
Crowds
A gathering of individuals, usually in a public place, who are present in the same general vicinity and share a common focus.
Street Crowds
Audiences
Spectators at an exhibition, performance, or event
Queues
A waiting line or file of individuals
Mobs
An acting crowd, often aggressive in character
Riots
A large, less localized and less organized mob
Panic
A threatened crowd, either seeking escape from danger or competing for a scarce commodity
Collective Movements
Trends
An abrupt but short-lived change in the opinions, behaviors, life-style, or dress of a large number of widely dispersed individuals
Rumors & Mass Delusions
The spontaneous outbreak of atypical thoughts, feelings, or actions in a group or aggregate, including psychogenic illness, common hallucinations, and bizarre actions
Social Movements
A deliberate, organized attempt to achieve a change or resist a change in a social system
Collective Dynamics
Loss of Identity: Deindividuation
Deindividuation: An experiential state caused by a number of input factors, such as group membership and anonymity, that is characterized by the loss of self- awareness, altered experiencing, and atypical behavior.
Anonimity
Responsibility
Group Membership
Group Size
Self Awareness
Arousal
Emergent Norm Theory
collective behavior suggesting that the uniformity in behavior often observed in collectives is caused by members’ conformity to unique normative standards that develop spontaneously in those groups.
Who Joins In: Convergence
relative deprivation: psychological state that occurs when individuals feel that their personal attainments (egoistic deprivation) / their group’s attainments (fraternalistic deprivation) are below their expectations.
Convergence : collective behavior assuming that individuals with similar needs, values, or goals tend to converge to form a single group
Collectives and Social Identity
much of the behavior of individuals in collectives can be explained by basic identity mechanisms.
Le Bon’s Crowd Psychology: Contagion
Contagion
The spread of behaviors, attitudes, and affect through crowds and other types of social aggregations from one member to another.
Collectives Are Groups
The Myth of the Madding Crowd
Collectives differ from more routine groups in degree rather than in kind.
Studying Groups and Collectives
In general, group= collective, they often misunderstood and mismanaged, but the field of group dynamics offers a means of dispelling this ignorance.