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Elections (Other Systems of Voting (Alternative Vote (AV) (Uses 2 tiers of…
Elections
Other Systems of Voting
Alternative Vote (AV)
Uses 2 tiers of voting, first votes are counted and if a party earns 50% of the vote they are automatically elected. If not achieved losing parties are eliminated and remaining 2 use the 2 vote to gain majority
Ads
- helps smaller parties
- less votes are wasted
- winning party must have 50% support
Dis
- Possible extremist parties can gain power
Regional Party list
There are a number of multi-member constituencies e.g. European Parliament elections. The UK in 12 regions each with 3-10 cands. Electors vote for parties. Parties produce a list of candidates that they put forward for each area in descending order of preference. Seats are then allocated in region based on proportion of the votes
Ads
- Only 'Pure' system of PR
- Fair to all parties
- Promotes Unity
Dis
- Many small parties
- Weak/ unstable government
- Parties become more powerful
Supplementary Vote
Single Member Constituencies like London Mayoral elections. Electors have 2 votes first a preference vote second the 'supplementary vote'. Other candidates drop out and their votes are shuffled based on the supplementary vote to the remaining candidates
Ads
- It encourages campaigning as the second vote is just as important
- Relatively simple system to understand
- ensures that fewer votes are wasted
Dis
- Promotes voting for the 2 main parties
- does not eliminate tactical voting
Single transferable vote
Elected if they reach a quota of votes in the basis of this formula - quota = total no. of votes cast / number of seats filled +1
-
Additional member system
Two votes one for the constituency and the other for the party. Complicated and used in the Scottish, Welsh assembly's
FPTP
For:
- its simple to understand and thus doesn't cost much
- Doesn't take long to come to a result
- Clearly express view
- Tends to produce a two party system
- Close link with voters and MP at parliament
- People are fearful of change
- Election spending is geared for small parts of the country
- less likely to get a coalition
- Extremist parties will struggle to get in power or seats
Against:
- Reps can be elected on small amounts public support - 2005 George Galloway polled 18.5% of constituency but got a seat
- Encourages tactical voting
- Wastes a large number of votes
- Not in line with actual support - tories only got 32% in last general election
- Some areas are ignored by parties
- Encourages two party politics
Notions of representation
- Trusteeship - trusting an MP
- Doctrine of the Mandate - Parties can lie in what a party manifesto states
- Descriptive representation - one group against the other
-
Voting Behavior
-
Turn on's and offs
- Policies
- Party Performance
- Leadership
- Party Image
- Campaigning
- Tactical voting
Social Factors
- Left: tend to be young of any religion tend to be up north and race
- Right: middle age to old, traditional, south of UK
- This pattern is seen across the spectrum, left to right older get more right become
Other Factors:
- Party Loyalty
- Gender alignment
- Age alignment
- Class de-alignment
- Religious alignment
Democracy in UK
Weak:
- Party dem doesn't rep the people
- party in power is unliked they are not representing you
- Gender and races not represented
- Classes and Private schools (MPs)
- Safe seats
Strong:
- Citizens can be reped in parliament
- Rebel MPs voting against party