Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Policy (Social Policy (Education Policy (Federal education policy (2001:…

- - - - civil war
      - new deal
      - great society
  - - - You touch it you're dead
    - - Amount received is based on how much a person paid in payroll
        
        But taxes paid by workers today support todays retirees instead of the money that todays retirees worked for before
        
        Baby boomer generation is huge = Costs will soon exceed money collected
    - - Raise payroll taxes by 1%
      - Gradually raise retirement age to 70 by 2050
      - Lower benefits for wealthy recipients
      - Privatization (pay as you go into private accounts)
  - - - Means Tested
      - Traditional Welfare (Cash)
        
        ADFC/TANF
        
        Regularly called welfare
        
        Food Stamps/SNAP
        
        Food assistance
        
        WIC, School Lunch Programs
      - Tax Credit
        
        Earned income tax credit
        
        "If you make below a certain amount"
        
        Line higher than poverty line
        
        Bipartisan support
      - Unemployment compensation
        
        Used hella during recession
        
        Time limit
  - - - Due to
        
        US getting passed internationally (Space Race)
        
        National Security Issue
        
        Concerns about inequality in education
    - - Vouchers
        
        Government check to cop a private school
      - Charter schools
        
        Public school systems funded by local property tax :warning:
    - - 1980s: US students behind in test scores but not spending
      - 2001: No child left behind
        
        Federal government responsible in moderating schools
        
        Reward & Punishment
        
        Republican Governent
        
        10 years with no strong improvement
        
        Late 2015: House returned power to state & local
      - 2009: Common Core
        
        Revised no child left behind
        
        Set of standards
        
        Assessments
        
        Democratic president
        
        In place in 42 states (& DC)
        
        Not universally linked
- - - - Outsourcing v comparative advantages
      - Technocracy
  - - - Theoretical point where all who want a job have one
        
        Around 4-6%
    - - World inflation
        
        Reduces purchasing power & incentive to save
    - - Includes
        
        Property rights
        
        Subsidies
        
        Regulation
        
        Transparency
    - - Deficit
        
        How much spending exceeds revenue
      - Debt
        
        Total sum of all years deficits
      - Can be measured in dollars or as a percentage of GDP
        
        Debate on whether this is necessary
  - - - Major policy tools with which government implements fiscal policy
      - Question of balance & trade-offs between providing certain services and increasing taxes to pay off services
      - Limits on Fiscal Policy
        
        Hard to implement policies fast enough
        
        Stimulus Programs
        
        Focus on shovel ready projects
        
        Political resistance and government commitments
    - - Mandatory Spending
        
        Payments that government must make by law
        
        Changes in spending that involve changing the law
        
        Social Security
        
        Medicare
      - Discretionary Spending
        
        Spending that can be cut without changing laws
        
        Defense vs Non Defense
      - Balance
        
        1962: 68% Discresionary Spending
        
        2015: 62% Mandatory Spending
    - - Different types of taxing
        
        Personal income
        
        Corporate
        
        Payroll
        
        For social security & medicaid
        
        Excise
        
        Tobacco
        
        Airplane
      - Redistributive nature of taxes :warning:
        
        Regressive
        
        Neutral
        
        Progressive
  - - - Monetary Policy tools
        
        Open market operations
        
        Set reserve requirements
        
        Power to set interest rates
      - Other countries have central banks
    - - Economic Regulation
        
        Sets prices or Conditions on entry on firms in an industry
        
        Break up monopolies
      - Social Regulation
        
        Addresses issues of quality or safety
- - - - AHCA
        
        Block grants
        
        800 Billion Dollar Cut
      - Means tested by income
      - Administered through states who have discretion
    - - 1965 through great society
  - - - Control Healthcare costs
      - Comprehensive coverage
        
        Entails individuals & employers to provide health insurance
        
        Necessary to spread the costs of expansive care
        
        Requires individual mandate
        
        Everybody needs to buy health insurance
      - Program would not add to deficit
  - - - Part of republican campaigns since 2010
      - House voted 60 times on repeal
      - What happened in 2017
        
        AHCA version 1 (March 2017)
        
        Pulled before vote in house
        
        AHCA version 2 (May 2017)
        
        Passed house last week
- - - - Should we work alone?
    - - Should we get involved
    - - Should we act in our own self interest
  - - - Close to president
      - Coordinate armed forces & executive agencies
    - - Responsible for
        
        Diplomacy
        
        Treaty negotiations
        
        Foreign aid
        
        Offices Abroad
    - - Protect country from external events
      - Military spending reacts with events
        
        Steady increase up
    - - NSA
        
        Monitor Communications
      - CIA
        
        Foreign Intelligence
      - Department of Homeland Security
      - Intelligence agencies specific to departments
      - Office of Director of National Intelligence
        
        Coordinate efforts