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Mechanical Forces (2) (Types (Compression (Gravitational Compressive…
Mechanical Forces (2)
Source
Self-Generate
Enviro
Types
Pressure
Stretch
Fluid Shear Stress
Compression
Gravitational Compressive Forces
Control Bone Deposition
Mechanical Loads on Skeletal Muscle
Muscle Mass
Blood Flow
Regulate homeostasis of vascular walls
Role
Normal Tissue Homeostasis
Remodeling
Mechanical Environment of mammalian cells
External Loading & Intracellular Tension balance
Cytoskeletal Tension Forces in Anchorage-Dependent Cells
Cell Survival & Proliferation
Apply Cytoskeletal Forces against ECM through integrin receptors
Cytoskeletal Tension Forces
Cell Shape & Functions
ECM Remodeling
Dynamic
Can change w/o external stimuli
Cell Division
Cell Migration
External Mechanical Stimuli
ECM Scaffolds regulating cellular tension
Mechanical Properties
Determine deformation under compressive loads
Tension level for cell development
Mechanical Stimulation of cells in vitro devices
Shear Stress
Flow Systems
Cone-and-Plate Viscometer
Medium placed in btw plate and cone
Fluid flow by cone rotation
Parallel-Plate Flow Chamber
Flow driven to pass over cell surface by pressure gradient
Results
Uniform SS
Stretch
Normal Physiological Processes
Cyclic Stretch
Method
Culture cells on flexible substrate + Stretch membrane with controlled strain magnitude, frequency, duration
Types
Uniaxial
Biaxial
Pressure/Compression
Hydrostatic Pressurisation
Determine effect of elevated pressure on cell functions
Static/Cyclic Loading
Direct Platen Abutment
Deliver Static & Cyclic Compressive Stresses
Problem
Loading delivered to cells dependent on cell-matrix adhesion