Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Yash Nagpal Periodic Table (Periodic Trends (Greatest Ionization Energy…
Yash Nagpal Periodic Table
Periodic Trends
Greatest Ionization Energy tends to be of materials in the upper right corner and highest electron affinity. Metallic character tends to be highest at the bottom left corner. Gaseous nonmetals occur most frequently in the upper right corner.
Effective Nuclear Charge increases from left to right. The number of shells of electrons is greatest in the bottom-most row. Atomic radius decreases from left to right due to increased effective nuclear charge. Atomic radius is higher in lower rows because there are more electron subshells.
Periodic Table Usage
The number above the element symbol is the atomic number (number of protons). The number below the atomic symbol is the atomic mass (the average of all atomic masses based on percentage of appearance on Earth.
The most important information from the periodic is which group each element is in. This tells us how much many valence electrons the atom has (which tells us its bonding properties). This does not apply to transition metals.
Bonding
When more electrons are shared, the bond is stronger and shorter. Bond strength relates to the bond enthalpy. Bond strength is directly related to the boiling point and other characteristics of the molecule.
The bond strength is defined by Coulomb's law. Because of this, the lattice energy of ionic compounds with 2+/2- ions are stronger than the lattice energy of ionic compounds with 1+/1- ions.
Transition Metals
The number of valence electrons they contain is usually between 1 and 4. The valence electrons are from both the 4s and 3d orbital.
There is no regular pattern to transition metal valence electron count. However, 4s electrons are always used first in bonding, then 3d electrons.
Nuclear Chemistry
Mainly only heavy atoms (those in 5th row or lower) take part in nuclear emission. Alpha, beta, and gamma particles can all be released. Generally, each isotope has a specific way to give off particles in nuclear chemistry.
Metals take part in nuclear reactions more than nonmetals because most nonmetals just require the addition of a couple of electrons or electrons to be shared.
Polar Molecules
Oxygen, Fluorine, Nitrogen, tend to be extremely electronegative, and therefore, have a strong attraction on other electrons from nearby atoms.
The unequal sharing of electrons results in molecules having different molecular geometry, because lone pairs on the central atom take up more space geometrically than bonds between two different atoms.
