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Care and Housing of Ruminants (Cattle housing systems (Feed (Manger, Ring…
Care and Housing of Ruminants
Cattle housing systems
Walking surfaces
Slatted concrete for grip
Rubber on top of concrete for grip + softer surface
Concrete-when new can have sharp projections but old is slippery so needs to be grooved
Feed
Manger
Ring feeder
Barrier-food pushed away + wasted if not pushed back by hand/robot
Self feed
Lying area
Loose yard of bedding is more comfortable but increases mastitis risk
Cubicles/free stalls save on bedding and remain cleaner but are less natural + more expensive
Tie stalls (not in UK) are similar to cubicles but prevent bullying + are more unnatural
Lying time=12 hours Eating=4.4. hours Drinking=0.4 hours Standing alley=2.4 Standing in cubicle=2 Standing at milking max=2 h
Beef can be loosely housed as no mastitis risk
Calves: upwind of adults, within site of one another but no touching due to disease risk, max 30 in an airspace, assisted ventilation needed as they produce less heat for stack effect
Outdoor might seem better but increased mastitis risk + less observation/protection
Principles of housing
Stack effect
-hot air rises through gaps in roof, drawing cold air in from gaps in the sides to naturally ventilate
Shelter at sides need to be at height of animal to prevent drafts
Cobwebs + drip marks are a sign of bad ventilation
To prevent heat abatement provide space, shade + air flow
Sheep housing
Similar principles but lower case + multipurpose as they are outdoors for some of the year normally
Trough space to all feed at once as a herd
Ideally feed from outside to stop yourself getting crushed!